This Article Order Full text via Infotrieve Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Keenan, K. P. Articles by O'Brien, A. D. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Keenan, K. P. Articles by O'Brien, A. D.

American Journal of Pathology, Vol 125, 69-80, Copyright © 1986 by American Society for Investigative Pathology

REGULAR ARTICLES

Morphologic evaluation of the effects of Shiga toxin and E coli Shiga- like toxin on the rabbit intestine

KP Keenan, DD Sharpnack, H Collins, SB Formal and AD O'Brien

The effects of a Shiga toxin derived from Shigella dysenteriae Type 1, Strain 60R, and a Shiga-like toxin from the enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli 0157:H7, Strain 933, were studied in the in vivo rabbit ileal loop model. The effects of both toxins were similar and resulted in severe villus blunting by 18-24 hours after exposure. With both toxins, a dose effect was noted; and the lesions, first detected at 2 hours after inoculation, became more severe over time. Both toxins appeared to act directly and selectively on the mature columnar absorptive epithelium of the intestinal villus, which resulted in the premature expulsion of these cells from the lateral villus wall, with a decrease in the villus/crypt ratio. The goblet mucous cells remained attached and frequently formed clusters on the blunt villus apices. The crypt epithelium underwent a rapid proliferation and maintained the epithelial integrity. The ultrastructural changes observed in the toxin- injured villus absorptive cells suggested that these cells underwent a process of apoptosis, rather than necrosis. These findings suggest that both toxins act in vivo in the small intestine on a specific cell population, the mature, differentiated absorptive villus epithelium.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				D. R. Baker, R. A. Moxley, M. B. Steele, J. T. LeJeune, J. Christopher-Hennings, D.-G. Chen, P. R. Hardwidge, and D. H. Francis Differences in Virulence among Escherichia coli O157:H7 Strains Isolated from Humans during Disease Outbreaks and from Healthy Cattle Appl. Envir. Microbiol., November 15, 2007; 73(22): 7338 - 7346. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. M. Ritchie, C. M. Thorpe, A. B. Rogers, and M. K. Waldor Critical Roles for stx2, eae, and tir in Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli-Induced Diarrhea and Intestinal Inflammation in Infant Rabbits Infect. Immun., December 1, 2003; 71(12): 7129 - 7139. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. E. Smith, A. V. Kane, S. T. Campbell, D. W. K. Acheson, B. H. Cochran, and C. M. Thorpe Shiga Toxin 1 Triggers a Ribotoxic Stress Response Leading to p38 and JNK Activation and Induction of Apoptosis in Intestinal Epithelial Cells Infect. Immun., March 1, 2003; 71(3): 1497 - 1504. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Narayanan, G. C. Stewart, M. M. Chengappa, L. Willard, W. Shuman, M. Wilkerson, and T. G. Nagaraja Fusobacterium necrophorum Leukotoxin Induces Activation and Apoptosis of Bovine Leukocytes Infect. Immun., August 1, 2002; 70(8): 4609 - 4620. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. C. Chin, D. A. Teoh, K. G.-E. Scott, J. B. Meddings, W. K. Macnaughton, and A. G. Buret Strain-Dependent Induction of Enterocyte Apoptosis by Giardia lamblia Disrupts Epithelial Barrier Function in a Caspase-3-Dependent Manner Infect. Immun., July 1, 2002; 70(7): 3673 - 3680. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Yoshimura, A. Tanimoto, T. Abe, M. Ogawa, T. Yutsudo, M. Kashimura, and S.-i. Yoshida Shiga Toxin 1 and 2 Induce Apoptosis in the Amniotic Cell Line WISH Reproductive Sciences, January 1, 2002; 9(1): 22 - 26. [Abstract] [PDF]

				C. M. Thorpe, W. E. Smith, B. P. Hurley, and D. W. K. Acheson Shiga Toxins Induce, Superinduce, and Stabilize a Variety of C-X-C Chemokine mRNAs in Intestinal Epithelial Cells, Resulting in Increased Chemokine Expression Infect. Immun., October 1, 2001; 69(10): 6140 - 6147. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A D Phillips, S Navabpour, S Hicks, G Dougan, T Wallis, and G Frankel Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 target Peyer's patches in humans and cause attaching/effacing lesions in both human and bovine intestine Gut, September 1, 2000; 47(3): 377 - 381. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. Matise, T. Sirinarumitr, B. T. Bosworth, and H. W. Moon Vascular Ultrastructure and DNA Fragmentation in Swine Infected with Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Vet. Pathol., July 1, 2000; 37(4): 318 - 327. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Nishikawa, Z. Zhou, A. Hase, J. Ogasawara, T. Cheasty, and K. Haruki Relationship of Genetic Type of Shiga Toxin to Manifestation of Bloody Diarrhea due to Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Serogroup O157 Isolates in Osaka City, Japan J. Clin. Microbiol., June 1, 2000; 38(6): 2440 - 2442. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				N. L. Jones, A. Islur, R. Haq, M. Mascarenhas, M. A. Karmali, M. H. Perdue, B. W. Zanke, and P. M. Sherman Escherichia coli Shiga toxins induce apoptosis in epithelial cells that is regulated by the Bcl-2 family Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, May 1, 2000; 278(5): G811 - G819. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Korostoff, J. F. Wang, I. Kieba, M. Miller, B. J. Shenker, and E. T. Lally Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Leukotoxin Induces Apoptosis in HL-60 Cells Infect. Immun., September 1, 1998; 66(9): 4474 - 4483. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Karpman, A. Hakansson, M.-T. R. Perez, C. Isaksson, E. Carlemalm, A. Caprioli, and C. Svanborg Apoptosis of Renal Cortical Cells in the Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome: In Vivo and In Vitro Studies Infect. Immun., February 1, 1998; 66(2): 636 - 644. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. P. Nataro and J. B. Kaper Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli Clin. Microbiol. Rev., January 1, 1998; 11(1): 142 - 201. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C.S. Potten, J.W. Wilson, and C. Booth Regulation and Significance of Apoptosis in the Stem Cells of the Gastrointestinal Epithelium Stem Cells, March 1, 1997; 15(2): 82 - 93. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				S. Rehen, M. Varella, F. Freitas, M. Moraes, and R Linden Contrasting effects of protein synthesis inhibition and of cyclic AMP on apoptosis in the developing retina Development, January 5, 1996; 122(5): 1439 - 1448. [Abstract] [PDF]

				I. M. Pruimboom-Brees, T. W. Morgan, M. R. Ackermann, E. D. Nystrom, J. E. Samuel, N. A. Cornick, and H. W. Moon Cattle lack vascular receptors for Escherichia coli O157:H7 Shiga toxins PNAS, September 12, 2000; 97(19): 10325 - 10329. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]