This Article Order Full text via Infotrieve Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Golomb, G. Articles by Levy, R. J. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Golomb, G. Articles by Levy, R. J.

American Journal of Pathology, Vol 127, 122-130, Copyright © 1987 by American Society for Investigative Pathology

REGULAR ARTICLES

The role of glutaraldehyde-induced cross-links in calcification of bovine pericardium used in cardiac valve bioprostheses

G Golomb, FJ Schoen, MS Smith, J Linden, M Dixon and RJ Levy

Calcification is the principal cause of failure of tissue-derived cardiac valve replacements pretreated with glutaraldehyde (GLUT). The objective of this study was to determine the role of GLUT-induced cross- links in bovine pericardial tissue calcification. Various levels of 3H- GLUT incorporation were obtained by varying incubation pH, and protein modification was determined by amino acid analysis and resistance to collagenase digestion. Calcification of cross-linked tissue was studied using subdermal implants in rats. Low GLUT uptake (less than 150 nm/mg) resulted in minimal calcification (Ca2+, 12.8 micrograms/mg) and stability (4% residual weight following digestion) due to a limited crosslinking (lysine + hydroxylysine = 26.1 residues/1000 amino acids [AA]). In contrast, higher GLUT uptake induced more cross-links (Lys + Hyl = 8.2 residues/1000 AA) and consequent higher stability (95% residual wt); such tissues calcified severely (Ca2+, 93.5 micrograms/mg). Incorporation of GLUT two to three times beyond a critical level did not further enhance calcification. It is concluded that the amount of GLUT incorporated controls the extent of cross- links, which in turn directly determines tissue stability and calcification.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				F. J. Schoen and R. J. Levy Calcification of Tissue Heart Valve Substitutes: Progress Toward Understanding and Prevention Ann. Thorac. Surg., March 1, 2005; 79(3): 1072 - 1080. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. C. Vasudev, T. Chandy, M. Mohanty, U. P. R., and C. P. Sharma Inhibition of Bioprosthesis Calcification Due to Synergistic Effect of Fe/Mg Ions to Polyethylene Glycol Grafted Bovine Pericardium J Biomater Appl, October 1, 2001; 16(2): 93 - 107. [Abstract] [PDF]

				P. Human and P. Zilla Characterization of the immune response to valve bioprostheses and its role in primary tissue failure Ann. Thorac. Surg., May 1, 2001; 71 (2007): S385 - S388. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Zilla, C. Weissenstein, P. Human, T. Dower, and U. O. von Oppell High glutaraldehyde concentrations mitigate bioprosthetic root calcification in the sheep model Ann. Thorac. Surg., December 1, 2000; 70(6): 2091 - 2095. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. M. Giachelli Ectopic Calcification : Gathering Hard Facts about Soft Tissue Mineralization Am. J. Pathol., March 1, 1999; 154(3): 671 - 675. [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. M. Kim, G. A. Herrera, and H. D. Battarbee Role of Glutaraldehyde in Calcification of Porcine Aortic Valve Fibroblasts Am. J. Pathol., March 1, 1999; 154(3): 843 - 852. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. P. Rao and C. Shanthi Reduction of Calcification by Various Treatments in Cardiac Valves J Biomater Appl, January 1, 1999; 13(3): 238 - 268. [Abstract] [PDF]

				C. Shanthi and K. P. Rao Regulation of Biocalcification of Bovine Pericardial Tissue b Grafting Poly(Glycidyl Methacrylate-Butylacrylate) Copolymers Journal of Bioactive and Compatible Polymers, October 1, 1997; 12(4): 308 - 320. [Abstract]

				S. C. Vasudev, T. Chandy, and C. P. Sharma Influence of Polyethylene Glycol Graftings on the in Vitro Degradation and Calcification of Bovine Pericardium J Biomater Appl, April 1, 1997; 11(4): 430 - 452. [Abstract]

				C. Gillis, L. Bengtsson, and A. Haegerstrand REDUCTION OF MONOCYTE ADHESION TO XENOGENEIC TISSUE BY ENDOTHILIAZATION: AN ADHESION MOLECULE AND TIME-DEPENDENT MECHANISM J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., December 1, 1995; 110(6): 1583 - 1589. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				C. Shanteh and K. P. Rao Graft Copolymerization of Methylmethacrylate onto Glutaraldehyde Crosslinked Pericardial Tissue Journal of Bioactive and Compatible Polymers, October 1, 1995; 10(4): 341 - 351. [Abstract]

				Tingfei Xi, Fuying Liu, and Baoshu Xi Effect of Pretreatment with Epoxy Compounds on the Mechanical Properties of Bovine Pericardial Bioprosthetic Materials J Biomater Appl, January 1, 1992; 7(1): 61 - 75. [Abstract] [PDF]

				G. Golomb Controlled Release of Diphosphonates from Synthetic Polymers to Inhibit Calcification J Biomater Appl, January 1, 1987; 2(2): 266 - 289. [Abstract] [PDF]