This Article Order Full text via Infotrieve Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Reed, J. A. Articles by Albino, A. P. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Reed, J. A. Articles by Albino, A. P.

American Journal of Pathology, Vol 145, 97-104, Copyright © 1994 by American Society for Investigative Pathology

REGULAR ARTICLES

Expression of transforming growth factor-beta 2 in malignant melanoma correlates with the depth of tumor invasion. Implications for tumor progression

JA Reed, NS McNutt, VG Prieto and AP Albino
Department of Pathology, New York Hospital-Cornell University Medical Center, New York.

Transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-beta 2) is a potent regulatory of proliferation and differentiation of both normal and malignant cells. In addition, TGF-beta 2 can exert a variety of immunosuppressive effects, suggesting that the production of this molecule contributes to impaired immunological surveillance of tumor development. In vitro, TGF- beta 2 expression has been demonstrated in cell lines derived from metastatic malignant melanocytes. but not in those derived from normal melanocytes. We sought to evaluate a potential role of TGF-beta 2 in the initiation or progression of malignant melanoma in vivo. We examined by nucleic acid in situ hybridization the expression of TGF- beta 2 mRNA transcripts in 124 melanocytic lesions including metastatic and primary invasive melanomas, melanomas in situ, nevi with architectural disorder and cytologic atypia, ordinary benign melanocytic nevi, and Spitz nevi. All metastatic melanomas and a majority (94%) of primary melanomas invasive to Clark's level III, IV, or V expressed TGF-beta 2 mRNA. A minority (41%) of Clark's level II primary invasive melanomas expressed this factor. All definitive melanomas in situ and nevi were negative. The results suggest that TGF- beta 2 expression in malignant melanoma may be a critical event in the development of deep invasion and metastases in malignant melanoma.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				R. S. Lo and O. N. Witte Transforming Growth Factor-{beta} Activation Promotes Genetic Context-Dependent Invasion of Immortalized Melanocytes Cancer Res., June 1, 2008; 68(11): 4248 - 4257. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. A Teicher, J. M Yingling, and J. M McPherson TGF{beta} Blockade as Anticancer Therapy Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. Educ. Book, April 12, 2008; 2008(1): 71 - 81. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. A. Teicher Transforming Growth Factor-{beta} and the Immune Response to Malignant Disease Clin. Cancer Res., November 1, 2007; 13(21): 6247 - 6251. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. C. Taylor, A. Patel, K. S. Panageas, K. J. Busam, and M. S. Brady Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Predict Sentinel Lymph Node Positivity in Patients With Cutaneous Melanoma J. Clin. Oncol., March 1, 2007; 25(7): 869 - 875. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				V. G. Prieto, A. A. Mourad-Zeidan, V. Melnikova, M. M. Johnson, A. Lopez, A. H. Diwan, A. J.F. Lazar, S. S. Shen, P. S. Zhang, J. A. Reed, et al. Galectin-3 Expression Is Associated with Tumor Progression and Pattern of Sun Exposure in Melanoma. Clin. Cancer Res., November 15, 2006; 12(22): 6709 - 6715. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Tang, D. L. Dai, M. Su, M. Martinka, G. Li, and Y. Zhou Aberrant Expression of Collagen Triple Helix Repeat Containing 1 in Human Solid Cancers. Clin. Cancer Res., June 15, 2006; 12(12): 3716 - 3722. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. K. L. Woodward, I. G. Rennie, J. L. Burn, and K. Sisley A Potential Role for TGF{beta} in the Regulation of Uveal Melanoma Adhesive Interactions with the Hepatic Endothelium Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., October 1, 2005; 46(10): 3473 - 3477. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Rothhammer, I. Poser, F. Soncin, F. Bataille, M. Moser, and A.-K. Bosserhoff Bone Morphogenic Proteins Are Overexpressed in Malignant Melanoma and Promote Cell Invasion and Migration Cancer Res., January 15, 2005; 65(2): 448 - 456. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Hoek, D. L. Rimm, K. R. Williams, H. Zhao, S. Ariyan, A. Lin, H. M. Kluger, A. J. Berger, E. Cheng, E. S. Trombetta, et al. Expression Profiling Reveals Novel Pathways in the Transformation of Melanocytes to Melanomas Cancer Res., August 1, 2004; 64(15): 5270 - 5282. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. E. Spaner Amplifying cancer vaccine responses by modifying pathogenic gene programs in tumor cells J. Leukoc. Biol., August 1, 2004; 76(2): 338 - 351. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. A. Reed, E. Bales, W. Xu, N. A. Okan, D. Bandyopadhyay, and E. E. Medrano Cytoplasmic Localization of the Oncogenic Protein Ski in Human Cutaneous Melanomas in Vivo: Functional Implications for Transforming Growth Factor {beta} Signaling Cancer Res., November 1, 2001; 61(22): 8074 - 8078. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Berking, R. Takemoto, H. Schaider, L. Showe, K. Satyamoorthy, P. Robbins, and M. Herlyn Transforming Growth Factor-{beta}1 Increases Survival of Human Melanoma through Stroma Remodeling Cancer Res., November 1, 2001; 61(22): 8306 - 8316. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Laitakari and F. Stenback Collagen Matrix in Development and Progression of Experimentally Induced Respiratory Neoplasms in the Hamster Toxicol Pathol, August 1, 2001; 29(5): 514 - 527. [Abstract] [PDF]