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American Journal of Pathology, Vol 146, 999-1007, Copyright © 1995 by American Society for Investigative Pathology
REGULAR ARTICLES |
D Schluter, A Hein, R Dorries and M Deckert-Schluter
Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University, Mannheim Clinic, Germany.
Oral infection of athymic nude and immunocompetent Lewis rats with Toxoplasma gondii induced a chronic nonlethal encephalitis. The histopathological pattern of Toxoplasma encephalitis was significantly different in both groups of animals and there were substantially larger numbers of Toxoplasma cysts in the brains of athymic rats. Combined immunohistochemical and flow cytometric analyses of intracerebral leukocytes identified alpha beta TCR+ CD4+ and CD8+ T cells; macrophages, and natural killer cells as inflammatory cell populations in immunocompetent rats, whereas in athymic rats natural killer cells, macrophages, and gamma delta TCR+ CD8+ CD3+ T cells contributed to the intracerebral inflammatory infiltrates. These findings not only point to a major participation of alpha beta TCR+ T cells to the intracerebral immune response, but also indicate that they are not essential to prevent the development of a lethal Toxoplasma encephalitis. In addition, microglia were strongly activated in both strains with simultaneous up-regulation of major histocompatibility complex class I and II antigens and CD4. Activation of microglia was most prominent in athymic rats, demonstrating that immunodeficiency does not preclude an up-regulation of these molecules including the human immunodeficiency virus receptor CD4 on microglial cells.
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  A. Brunn, O. Utermohlen, M. Carstov, M. S. Ruiz, H. Miletic, D. Schluter, and M. Deckert CD4 T Cells Mediate Axonal Damage and Spinal Cord Motor Neuron Apoptosis in Murine P0106-125-Induced Experimental Autoimmune Neuritis Am. J. Pathol., July 1, 2008; 173(1): 93 - 105. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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W. Stenzel, S. Soltek, M. Sanchez-Ruiz, S. Akira, H. Miletic, D. Schluter, and M. Deckert Both TLR2 and TLR4 Are Required for the Effective Immune Response in Staphylococcus aureus-Induced Experimental Murine Brain Abscess Am. J. Pathol., January 1, 2008; 172(1): 132 - 145. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 V. B. Carruthers and Y. Suzuki Effects of Toxoplasma gondii Infection on the Brain Schizophr Bull, May 1, 2007; 33(3): 745 - 751. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Deckert, S. Virna, M. Sakowicz-Burkiewicz, S. Lutjen, S. Soltek, H. Bluethmann, and D. Schluter Interleukin-1 Receptor Type 1 Is Essential for Control of Cerebral but Not Systemic Listeriosis Am. J. Pathol., March 1, 2007; 170(3): 990 - 1002. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 S. Virna, M. Deckert, S. Lutjen, S. Soltek, K. E. Foulds, H. Shen, H. Korner, J. D. Sedgwick, and D. Schluter TNF Is Important for Pathogen Control and Limits Brain Damage in Murine Cerebral Listeriosis J. Immunol., September 15, 2006; 177(6): 3972 - 3982. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. Schluter, L.-Y. Kwok, S. Lutjen, S. Soltek, S. Hoffmann, H. Korner, and M. Deckert Both Lymphotoxin-{alpha} and TNF Are Crucial for Control of Toxoplasma gondii in the Central Nervous System J. Immunol., June 15, 2003; 170(12): 6172 - 6182. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Deckert-Schluter, H. Bluethmann, A. Rang, H. Hof, and D. Schluter Crucial Role of TNF Receptor Type 1 (p55), But Not of TNF Receptor Type 2 (p75), in Murine Toxoplasmosis J. Immunol., April 1, 1998; 160(7): 3427 - 3436. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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