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American Journal of Pathology, Vol 152, 367-372, Copyright © 1998 by American Society for Investigative Pathology
REGULAR ARTICLES |
A Takeda, M Mallory, M Sundsmo, W Honer, L Hansen and E Masliah
Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine La Jolla, 92093-0624, USA.
The precursor of the non-Abeta component of Alzheimer's disease amyloid (NACP) (also known as a-synuclein) is a presynaptic terminal molecule that accumulates in the plaques of Alzheimer's disease. Recent studies have shown that a mutation in NACP is associated with familial Parkinson's disease, and that Lewy bodies are immunoreactive with antibodies against this molecule. To clarify the patterns of accumulation and differences in abnormal compartmentalization, we studied NACP immunoreactivity using double immunolabeling and laser scanning confocal microscopy in the cortex of patients with various neurodegenerative disorders. In Lewy body variant of Alzheimer's disease, diffuse Lewy body disease, and Parkinson's disease, NACP was found to immunolabel cortical Lewy bodies, abnormal neurites, and dystrophic neurites in the plaques. Double-labeling studies showed that all three of these neuropathological structures also contained ubiquitin, synaptophysin, and neurofilament (but not tau) immunoreactivity. In contrast, neurofibrillary tangles, neuropil threads, Pick bodies, ballooned neurons, and glial tangles (most of which were tau positive) were NACP negative. These results support the view that NACP specifically accumulates in diseases related to Lewy bodies such as Lewy body variant of Alzheimer's disease, diffuse Lewy body disease, and Parkinson's disease and suggests a role for this synaptic protein in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration.
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M. Hashimoto, A. Takeda, L. J. Hsu, T. Takenouchi, and E. Masliah Role of Cytochrome c as a Stimulator of alpha -Synuclein Aggregation in Lewy Body Disease J. Biol. Chem., October 8, 1999; 274(41): 28849 - 28852. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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J. G. Culvenor, C. A. McLean, S. Cutt, B. C. V. Campbell, F. Maher, P. Jakala, T. Hartmann, K. Beyreuther, C. L. Masters, and Q.-X. Li Non-A{beta} Component of Alzheimer's Disease Amyloid (NAC) Revisited : NAC and {alpha}-Synuclein Are Not Associated with A{beta} Amyloid Am. J. Pathol., October 1, 1999; 155(4): 1173 - 1181. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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D. W. Dickson, W.-K. Liu, J. Hardy, M. Farrer, N. Mehta, R. Uitti, M. Mark, T. Zimmerman, L. Golbe, J. Sage, et al. Widespread Alterations of {alpha}-Synuclein in Multiple System Atrophy Am. J. Pathol., October 1, 1999; 155(4): 1241 - 1251. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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N. Ostrerova, L. Petrucelli, M. Farrer, N. Mehta, P. Choi, J. Hardy, and B. Wolozin alpha -Synuclein Shares Physical and Functional Homology with 14-3-3 Proteins J. Neurosci., July 15, 1999; 19(14): 5782 - 5791. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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L. Narhi, S. J. Wood, S. Steavenson, Y. Jiang, G. M. Wu, D. Anafi, S. A. Kaufman, F. Martin, K. Sitney, P. Denis, et al. Both Familial Parkinson's Disease Mutations Accelerate alpha -Synuclein Aggregation J. Biol. Chem., April 2, 1999; 274(14): 9843 - 9846. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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B. I. Giasson, K. Uryu, J. Q. Trojanowski, and V. M.-Y Lee Mutant and Wild Type Human alpha -Synucleins Assemble into Elongated Filaments with Distinct Morphologies in Vitro J. Biol. Chem., March 19, 1999; 274(12): 7619 - 7622. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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V. L. Buchman, H. J. A. Hunter, L. G. P. Pinon, J. Thompson, E. M. Privalova, N. N. Ninkina, and A. M. Davies Persyn, a Member of the Synuclein Family, Has a Distinct Pattern of Expression in the Developing Nervous System J. Neurosci., November 15, 1998; 18(22): 9335 - 9341. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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E. Gomez-Tortosa, K. Newell, M. Irizarry, and B. T. Hyman Clinical and neuropathological features of dementia with Lewy bodies American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias, November 1, 1998; 13(6): 284 - 290. [Abstract] [PDF] |
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C. Lavedan The Synuclein Family Genome Res., September 1, 1998; 8(9): 871 - 880. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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M. G. Spillantini, R. A. Crowther, R. Jakes, M. Hasegawa, and M. Goedert alpha -Synuclein in filamentous inclusions of Lewy bodies from Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies PNAS, May 26, 1998; 95(11): 6469 - 6473. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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J. M. Souza, B. I. Giasson, Q. Chen, V. M.-Y. Lee, and H. Ischiropoulos Dityrosine Cross-linking Promotes Formation of Stable alpha -Synuclein Polymers. IMPLICATION OF NITRATIVE AND OXIDATIVE STRESS IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF NEURODEGENERATIVE SYNUCLEINOPATHIES J. Biol. Chem., June 9, 2000; 275(24): 18344 - 18349. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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E. Jo, J. McLaurin, C. M. Yip, P. St. George-Hyslop, and P. E. Fraser alpha -Synuclein Membrane Interactions and Lipid Specificity J. Biol. Chem., October 27, 2000; 275(44): 34328 - 34334. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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B. I. Giasson, I. V. J. Murray, J. Q. Trojanowski, and V. M.-Y. Lee A Hydrophobic Stretch of 12 Amino Acid Residues in the Middle of alpha -Synuclein Is Essential for Filament Assembly J. Biol. Chem., January 19, 2001; 276(4): 2380 - 2386. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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E. Masliah, E. Rockenstein, I. Veinbergs, Y. Sagara, M. Mallory, M. Hashimoto, and L. Mucke beta -Amyloid peptides enhance alpha -synuclein accumulation and neuronal deficits in a transgenic mouse model linking Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease PNAS, October 9, 2001; 98(21): 12245 - 12250. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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