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(American Journal of Pathology. 1999;154:457-468.)
© 1999 American Society for Investigative Pathology


Regular Articles

Enhanced Tumor Growth and Invasiveness in Vivo by a Carboxyl-Terminal Fragment of {alpha}1-Proteinase Inhibitor Generated by Matrix Metalloproteinases

A Possible Modulatory Role in Natural Killer Cytotoxicity

Hiroaki Kataoka* , Hirofumi Uchino* , Takeshi Iwamura{dagger} , Motoharu Seiki{ddagger} , Kazuki Nabeshima* and Masashi Koono*

From the Second Department of Pathology* and First Department of Surgery,{dagger} Miyazaki Medical College, Miyazaki, Japan, and the Department of Cancer Cell Research,{ddagger} The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are believed to contribute to the complex process of cancer progression. They also exhibit an {alpha}1-proteinase inhibitor ({alpha}PI)-degrading activity generating a carboxyl-terminal fragment of ~5 kd ({alpha}PI-C). This study reports that overexpression of {alpha}PI-C in S2–020, a cloned subline derived from the human pancreas adenocarcinoma cell line SUIT-2, potentiates the growth capability of the cells in nude mice. After stable transfection of a vector containing a chimeric cDNA encoding a signal peptide sequence of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 followed by cDNA for {alpha}PI-C into S2–020 cells, three clones that stably secrete {alpha}PI-C were obtained. The ectopic expression of {alpha}PI-C did not alter in vitro cellular growth. However, subcutaneous injection of the {alpha}PI-C-secreting clones resulted in tumors that were 1.5 to 3-fold larger than those of control clones with an increased tendency to invasiveness and lymph node metastasis. These effects could be a result of modulation of natural killer (NK) cell-mediated control of tumor growth in nude mice, as the growth advantage of {alpha}PI-C-secreting clones was not observed in NK-depleted mice, and {alpha}PI-C-secreting clones showed decreased NK sensitivity in vitro. In addition, production of {alpha}PI and generation of the cleaved form of {alpha}PI by MMP were observed in various human tumor cell lines and in a highly metastatic subline of SUIT-2 in vitro. These results provide experimental evidence that the {alpha}PI-degrading activity of MMPs may play a role in tumor progression not only via the inactivation of {alpha}PI but also via the generation of {alpha}PI-C.





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