help button home button Am J Pathol R & D Systems
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS

This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Purchase Article
Right arrow View Shopping Cart
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow reprints & permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Valtola, R.
Right arrow Articles by Alitalo, K.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Valtola, R.
Right arrow Articles by Alitalo, K.
(American Journal of Pathology. 1999;154:1381-1390.)
© 1999 American Society for Investigative Pathology

Regular Articles

VEGFR-3 and Its Ligand VEGF-C Are Associated with Angiogenesis in Breast Cancer

Reija Valtola*, Petri Salven{dagger}, Päivi Heikkilä*, Jussi Taipale*, Heikki Joensuu{dagger}, Marko Rehn{ddagger}, Taina Pihlajaniemi{ddagger}, Herbert Weich, Robert deWaal§ and Kari Alitalo*

From the Molecular/Cancer Biology Laboratory and Department of Pathology,*
Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, the Department of Oncology,{dagger}
Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, the Collagen Research Unit, Biocenter, Department of Medical Biochemistry,{ddagger}
University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, the Department of Pathology,§
University Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, and the Department of Gene Expression,
GBF, Braunschweig, Germany

Recently, monoclonal antibodies against the human vascular endothelial growth factor receptor VEGFR-3 were shown to provide a specific antigenic marker for lymphatic endothelium in various normal tissues. In this study we have investigated the expression of VEGFR-3 and its ligand VEGF-C in normal breast tissue and in breast tumors by immunohistochemistry. VEGFR-3 was weakly expressed in capillaries of normal breast tissue and in fibroadenomas. In intraductal breast carcinomas, VEGFR-3 was prominent in the "necklace" vessels adjacent to the basal lamina of the tumor-filled ducts. VEGF receptor 1 and 2 as well as blood vessel endothelial and basal lamina markers were colocalized with VEGFR-3 in many of these vessels. Antibodies against smooth muscle {alpha}-actin gave a weak staining of the necklace vessels, suggesting that they were incompletely covered by pericytes/smooth muscle cells. A highly elevated number of VEGFR-3 positive vessels was found in invasive breast cancer in comparison with histologically normal breast tissue (P < 0.0001, the Mann-Whitney test). VEGF-C was located in the cytoplasm of intraductal and invasive cancer cells. The results demonstrate that the expression of VEGFR-3 becomes up-regulated in the endothelium of angiogenic blood vessels in breast cancer. The results also suggest that VEGF-C secreted by the intraductal carcinoma cells acts predominantly as an angiogenic growth factor for blood vessels, although this paracrine signaling network between the cancer cells and the endothelium may also be involved in modifying the permeabilities of both blood and lymphatic vessels and metastasis formation.




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Molecular Cancer TherapeuticsHome page
S. M. Wilhelm, L. Adnane, P. Newell, A. Villanueva, J. M. Llovet, and M. Lynch
Preclinical overview of sorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor that targets both Raf and VEGF and PDGF receptor tyrosine kinase signaling
Mol. Cancer Ther., October 1, 2008; 7(10): 3129 - 3140.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Cancer Res.Home page
C. A. Heckman, T. Holopainen, M. Wirzenius, S. Keskitalo, M. Jeltsch, S. Yla-Herttuala, S. R. Wedge, J. M. Jurgensmeier, and K. Alitalo
The Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Cediranib Blocks Ligand-Induced Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3 Activity and Lymphangiogenesis
Cancer Res., June 15, 2008; 68(12): 4754 - 4762.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Cancer Res.Home page
B.-H. Jeon, C. Jang, J. Han, R. P. Kataru, L. Piao, K. Jung, H. J. Cha, R. A. Schwendener, K. Y. Jang, K.-S. Kim, et al.
Profound but Dysfunctional Lymphangiogenesis via Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Ligands from CD11b+ Macrophages in Advanced Ovarian Cancer
Cancer Res., February 15, 2008; 68(4): 1100 - 1109.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Pathol.Home page
H. Koyama, N. Kobayashi, M. Harada, M. Takeoka, Y. Kawai, K. Sano, M. Fujimori, J. Amano, T. Ohhashi, R. Kannagi, et al.
Significance of Tumor-Associated Stroma in Promotion of Intratumoral Lymphangiogenesis: Pivotal Role of a Hyaluronan-Rich Tumor Microenvironment
Am. J. Pathol., January 1, 2008; 172(1): 179 - 193.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 FASEB J.Home page
J. Lahdenranta, R. L. Sidman, R. Pasqualini, and W. Arap
Treatment of hypoxia-induced retinopathy with targeted proapoptotic peptidomimetic in a mouse model of disease
FASEB J, October 1, 2007; 21(12): 3272 - 3278.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J BiochemHome page
X. Qin, Y. Wan, M. Li, X. Xue, S. Wu, C. Zhang, Y. You, W. Wang, C. Jiang, Y. Liu, et al.
Identification of a Novel Peptide Ligand of Human Vascular Endothelia Growth Factor Receptor 3 for Targeted Tumour Diagnosis and Therapy
J. Biochem., July 1, 2007; 142(1): 79 - 85.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Hum ReprodHome page
J. F. Donoghue, F. L. Lederman, B. J. Susil, and P. A.W. Rogers
Lymphangiogensis of normal endometrium and endometrial adenocarcinoma
Hum. Reprod., June 1, 2007; 22(6): 1705 - 1713.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
V. van Weel, L. Seghers, M. R. de Vries, E. J. Kuiper, R. O. Schlingemann, I. M. Bajema, J. H.N. Lindeman, P. M. Delis-van Diemen, V. W.M. van Hinsbergh, J. H. van Bockel, et al.
Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1, and CXCR4 in Human Limb Muscle With Acute and Chronic Ischemia
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., June 1, 2007; 27(6): 1426 - 1432.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 The OncologistHome page
D. Strumberg, J. W. Clark, A. Awada, M. J. Moore, H. Richly, A. Hendlisz, H. W. Hirte, J. P. Eder, H.-J. Lenz, and B. Schwartz
Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Preliminary Antitumor Activity of Sorafenib: A Review of Four Phase I Trials in Patients with Advanced Refractory Solid Tumors
Oncologist, April 1, 2007; 12(4): 426 - 437.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Br. J. Ophthalmol.Home page
B. Zhao, G. Smith, J. Cai, A. Ma, and M. Boulton
Vascular endothelial growth factor C promotes survival of retinal vascular endothelial cells via vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2
Br. J. Ophthalmol., April 1, 2007; 91(4): 538 - 545.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Cancer Res.Home page
P. Laakkonen, M. Waltari, T. Holopainen, T. Takahashi, B. Pytowski, P. Steiner, D. Hicklin, K. Persaud, J. R. Tonra, L. Witte, et al.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 3 Is Involved in Tumor Angiogenesis and Growth
Cancer Res., January 15, 2007; 67(2): 593 - 599.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Ann. Surg. Oncol.Home page
A. Hinojar-Gutierrez, M.-E. Fernandez-Contreras, R. Gonzalez-Gonzalez, M.-J. Fernandez-Luque, A. Hinojar-Arzadun, M. Quintanilla, and C. Gamallo
Intratumoral Lymphatic Vessels and VEGF-C Expression Are Predictive Factors of Lymph Node Relapse in T1-T4 N0 Laryngopharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Ann. Surg. Oncol., January 1, 2007; 14(1): 248 - 257.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 CarcinogenesisHome page
R. Shayan, M. G. Achen, and S. A. Stacker
Lymphatic vessels in cancer metastasis: bridging the gaps
Carcinogenesis, September 1, 2006; 27(9): 1729 - 1738.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Cancer Res.Home page
T. Hoshida, N. Isaka, J. Hagendoorn, E. di Tomaso, Y.-L. Chen, B. Pytowski, D. Fukumura, T. P. Padera, and R. K. Jain
Imaging Steps of Lymphatic Metastasis Reveals That Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-C Increases Metastasis by Increasing Delivery of Cancer Cells to Lymph Nodes: Therapeutic Implications
Cancer Res., August 15, 2006; 66(16): 8065 - 8075.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Pathol.Home page
M. Marcellini, N. De Luca, T. Riccioni, A. Ciucci, A. Orecchia, P. M. Lacal, F. Ruffini, M. Pesce, F. Cianfarani, G. Zambruno, et al.
Increased Melanoma Growth and Metastasis Spreading in Mice Overexpressing Placenta Growth Factor
Am. J. Pathol., August 1, 2006; 169(2): 643 - 654.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Br. J. Ophthalmol.Home page
B Zhao, A Ma, J Cai, and M Boulton
VEGF-A regulates the expression of VEGF-C in human retinal pigment epithelial cells
Br. J. Ophthalmol., August 1, 2006; 90(8): 1052 - 1059.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
M. Orlandini, A. Spreafico, M. Bardelli, M. Rocchigiani, A. Salameh, S. Nucciotti, C. Capperucci, B. Frediani, and S. Oliviero
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-D Activates VEGFR-3 Expressed in Osteoblasts Inducing Their Differentiation
J. Biol. Chem., June 30, 2006; 281(26): 17961 - 17967.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Cancer Res.Home page
L. Zhang, E. Giraudo, J. A. Hoffman, D. Hanahan, and E. Ruoslahti
Lymphatic Zip Codes in Premalignant Lesions and Tumors
Cancer Res., June 1, 2006; 66(11): 5696 - 5706.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.Home page
T. Kamba, B. Y. Y. Tam, H. Hashizume, A. Haskell, B. Sennino, M. R. Mancuso, S. M. Norberg, S. M. O'Brien, R. B. Davis, L. C. Gowen, et al.
VEGF-dependent plasticity of fenestrated capillaries in the normal adult microvasculature
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, February 1, 2006; 290(2): H560 - H576.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck SurgHome page
N. Audet, N. J. Beasley, C. MacMillan, D. G. Jackson, P. J. Gullane, and S. Kamel-Reid
Lymphatic Vessel Density, Nodal Metastases, and Prognosis in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer
Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, December 1, 2005; 131(12): 1065 - 1070.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Clin. Cancer Res.Home page
Z. Gombos, X. Xu, C. S. Chu, P. J. Zhang, and G. Acs
Peritumoral Lymphatic Vessel Density and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C Expression in Early-Stage Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix
Clin. Cancer Res., December 1, 2005; 11(23): 8364 - 8371.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 BloodHome page
A. Salameh, F. Galvagni, M. Bardelli, F. Bussolino, and S. Oliviero
Direct recruitment of CRK and GRB2 to VEGFR-3 induces proliferation, migration, and survival of endothelial cells through the activation of ERK, AKT, and JNK pathways
Blood, November 15, 2005; 106(10): 3423 - 3431.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Cancer Res.Home page
S. Y. Wong, H. Haack, D. Crowley, M. Barry, R. T. Bronson, and R. O. Hynes
Tumor-Secreted Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-C Is Necessary for Prostate Cancer Lymphangiogenesis, but Lymphangiogenesis Is Unnecessary for Lymph Node Metastasis
Cancer Res., November 1, 2005; 65(21): 9789 - 9798.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Clin. Cancer Res.Home page
M. Ueda, Y.-C. Hung, Y. Terai, K. Kanda, M. Kanemura, H. Futakuchi, H. Yamaguchi, D. Akise, M. Yasuda, and M. Ueki
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-C Expression and Invasive Phenotype in Ovarian Carcinomas
Clin. Cancer Res., May 1, 2005; 11(9): 3225 - 3232.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 aacredbookHome page
T. Tammela, C. Heckman, and K. Alitalo
Lymphangiogenesis and Metastasis
Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. Educ. Book, April 1, 2005; 2005(1): 67 - 73.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Molecular Cancer TherapeuticsHome page
X. Jimenez, D. Lu, L. Brennan, K. Persaud, M. Liu, H. Miao, L. Witte, and Z. Zhu
A recombinant, fully human, bispecific antibody neutralizes the biological activities mediated by both vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 2 and 3
Mol. Cancer Ther., March 1, 2005; 4(3): 427 - 434.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JCOHome page
D. J. Hicklin and L. M. Ellis
Role of the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Pathway in Tumor Growth and Angiogenesis
J. Clin. Oncol., February 10, 2005; 23(5): 1011 - 1027.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JNCI J Natl Cancer InstHome page
Y. Aoki and G. Tosato
Lymphatic Regeneration: New Insights From VEGFR-3 Blockade
J Natl Cancer Inst, January 5, 2005; 97(1): 2 - 3.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Cancer Res.Home page
L. Oliveira-Ferrer, D. Tilki, G. Ziegeler, J. Hauschild, S. Loges, S. Irmak, E. Kilic, H. Huland, M. Friedrich, and S. Ergun
Dual Role of Carcinoembryonic Antigen-Related Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 in Angiogenesis and Invasion of Human Urinary Bladder Cancer
Cancer Res., December 15, 2004; 64(24): 8932 - 8938.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Clin. Cancer Res.Home page
F. Chen, K. Takenaka, E. Ogawa, K. Yanagihara, Y. Otake, H. Wada, and F. Tanaka
Flt-4-Positive Endothelial Cell Density and Its Clinical Significance in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Clin. Cancer Res., December 15, 2004; 10(24): 8548 - 8553.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Pharmacol. Rev.Home page
A. Hoeben, B. Landuyt, M. S. Highley, H. Wildiers, A. T. Van Oosterom, and E. A. De Bruijn
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Angiogenesis
Pharmacol. Rev., December 1, 2004; 56(4): 549 - 580.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Molecular Cancer TherapeuticsHome page
K. Nakamura, A. Yamamoto, M. Kamishohara, K. Takahashi, E. Taguchi, T. Miura, K. Kubo, M. Shibuya, and T. Isoe
KRN633: A selective inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 tyrosine kinase that suppresses tumor angiogenesis and growth
Mol. Cancer Ther., December 1, 2004; 3(12): 1639 - 1649.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Clin. Cancer Res.Home page
P. Bono, V.-M. Wasenius, P. Heikkila, J. Lundin, D. G. Jackson, and H. Joensuu
High LYVE-1-Positive Lymphatic Vessel Numbers Are Associated with Poor Outcome in Breast Cancer
Clin. Cancer Res., November 1, 2004; 10(21): 7144 - 7149.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 FASEB J.Home page
I. NILSSON, C. ROLNY, Y. WU, B. PYTOWSKI, D. HICKLIN, K. ALITALO, L. CLAESSON-WELSH, and S. WENNSTROM
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 in hypoxia-induced vascular development
FASEB J, October 1, 2004; 18(13): 1507 - 1515.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Pathol.Home page
B. Sipos, W. Klapper, M.-L. Kruse, H. Kalthoff, D. Kerjaschki, and G. Kloppel
Expression of Lymphangiogenic Factors and Evidence of Intratumoral Lymphangiogenesis in Pancreatic Endocrine Tumors
Am. J. Pathol., October 1, 2004; 165(4): 1187 - 1197.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Histochem. Cytochem.Home page
M. Maatta, A. Liakka, S. Salo, K. Tasanen, L. Bruckner-Tuderman, and H. Autio-Harmainen
Differential Expression of Basement Membrane Components in Lymphatic Tissues
J. Histochem. Cytochem., August 1, 2004; 52(8): 1073 - 1081.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Clin. Cancer Res.Home page
Y. Zeng, K. Opeskin, M. E. Baldwin, L. G. Horvath, M. G. Achen, S. A. Stacker, R. L. Sutherland, and E. D. Williams
Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3 by Lymphatic Endothelial Cells Is Associated with Lymph Node Metastasis in Prostate Cancer
Clin. Cancer Res., August 1, 2004; 10(15): 5137 - 5144.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Pathol.Home page
M M Vleugel, R Bos, P van der Groep, A E Greijer, A Shvarts, H V Stel, E van der Wall, and P J van Diest
Lack of lymphangiogenesis during breast carcinogenesis
J. Clin. Pathol., July 1, 2004; 57(7): 746 - 751.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
P. Laakkonen, M. E. Akerman, H. Biliran, M. Yang, F. Ferrer, T. Karpanen, R. M. Hoffman, and E. Ruoslahti
Antitumor activity of a homing peptide that targets tumor lymphatics and tumor cells
PNAS, June 22, 2004; 101(25): 9381 - 9386.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Cell Sci.Home page
K. Persaud, J.-C. Tille, M. Liu, Z. Zhu, X. Jimenez, D. S. Pereira, H.-Q. Miao, L. A. Brennan, L. Witte, M. S. Pepper, et al.
Involvement of the VEGF receptor 3 in tubular morphogenesis demonstrated with a human anti-human VEGFR-3 monoclonal antibody that antagonizes receptor activation by VEGF-C
J. Cell Sci., June 1, 2004; 117(13): 2745 - 2756.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 BloodHome page
D.-A. Lacorre, E. S. Baekkevold, I. Garrido, P. Brandtzaeg, G. Haraldsen, F. Amalric, and J.-P. Girard
Plasticity of endothelial cells: rapid dedifferentiation of freshly isolated high endothelial venule endothelial cells outside the lymphoid tissue microenvironment
Blood, June 1, 2004; 103(11): 4164 - 4172.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Histochem. Cytochem.Home page
A. N. Witmer, B. C. van Blijswijk, C. J.F. van Noorden, G. F.J.M. Vrensen, and R. O. Schlingemann
In Vivo Angiogenic Phenotype of Endothelial Cells and Pericytes Induced by Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A
J. Histochem. Cytochem., January 1, 2004; 52(1): 39 - 52.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Recent Prog Horm ResHome page
K. G. Peters, C. D. Kontos, P. C. Lin, A. L. Wong, P. Rao, L. Huang, M. W. Dewhirst, and S. Sankar
Functional Significance of Tie2 Signaling in the Adult Vasculature
Recent Prog. Horm. Res., January 1, 2004; 59(1): 51 - 71.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 J. Clin. Pathol.Home page
N B Teo, B S Shoker, C Jarvis, J P Sloane, and C Holcombe
Thymidine phosphorylase expression and stromal vascularity in ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast
J. Clin. Pathol., December 1, 2003; 56(12): 919 - 923.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Pathol.Home page
A. Ruddell, P. Mezquita, K. A. Brandvold, A. Farr, and B. M. Iritani
B Lymphocyte-Specific c-Myc Expression Stimulates Early and Functional Expansion of the Vasculature and Lymphatics during Lymphomagenesis
Am. J. Pathol., December 1, 2003; 163(6): 2233 - 2245.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 Clin. Cancer Res.Home page
Y. Nakamura, H. Yasuoka, M. Tsujimoto, Q. Yang, S. Imabun, M. Nakahara, K. Nakao, M. Nakamura, I. Mori, and K. Kakudo
Flt-4-Positive Vessel Density Correlates with Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-D Expression, Nodal Status, and Prognosis in Breast Cancer
Clin. Cancer Res., November 1, 2003; 9(14): 5313 - 5317.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
J. Dixelius, T. Makinen, M. Wirzenius, M. J. Karkkainen, C. Wernstedt, K. Alitalo, and L. Claesson-Welsh
Ligand-induced Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3 (VEGFR-3) Heterodimerization with VEGFR-2 in Primary Lymphatic Endothelial Cells Regulates Tyrosine Phosphorylation Sites
J. Biol. Chem., October 17, 2003; 278(42): 40973 - 40979.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Toxicol PatholHome page
V. Nayha, J. Laitakari, and F. Stenback
Stage-Dependent Expression of an Angiogenic Agent and Vascular Organization in Experimental Skin Tumor Development
Toxicol Pathol, August 1, 2003; 31(5): 539 - 548.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck SurgHome page
R. V. Lalla, D. S. Boisoneau, J. D. Spiro, and D. L. Kreutzer
Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptors on Tumor Cells in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, August 1, 2003; 129(8): 882 - 888.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck SurgHome page
F. T. Hall, J. L. Freeman, S. L. Asa, D. G. Jackson, and N. J. Beasley
Intratumoral Lymphatics and Lymph Node Metastases in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, July 1, 2003; 129(7): 716 - 719.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Circ. Res.Home page
T. T. Rissanen, J. E. Markkanen, M. Gruchala, T. Heikura, A. Puranen, M. I. Kettunen, I. Kholova, R. A. Kauppinen, M. G. Achen, S. A. Stacker, et al.
VEGF-D Is the Strongest Angiogenic and Lymphangiogenic Effector Among VEGFs Delivered Into Skeletal Muscle via Adenoviruses
Circ. Res., May 30, 2003; 92(10): 1098 - 1106.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Circ. Res.Home page
K. C. Boardman and M. A. Swartz
Interstitial Flow as a Guide for Lymphangiogenesis
Circ. Res., April 18, 2003; 92(7): 801 - 808.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Cancer Res.Home page
J. Krishnan, V. Kirkin, A. Steffen, M. Hegen, D. Weih, S. Tomarev, J. Wilting, and J. P. Sleeman
Differential in Vivo and in Vitro Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)-C and VEGF-D in Tumors and Its Relationship to Lymphatic Metastasis in Immunocompetent Rats
Cancer Res., February 1, 2003; 63(3): 713 - 722.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Pathol.Home page
S. Hirakawa, Y.-K. Hong, N. Harvey, V. Schacht, K. Matsuda, T. Libermann, and M. Detmar
Identification of Vascular Lineage-Specific Genes by Transcriptional Profiling of Isolated Blood Vascular and Lymphatic Endothelial Cells
Am. J. Pathol., February 1, 2003; 162(2): 575 - 586.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 BloodHome page
P. Salven, S. Mustjoki, R. Alitalo, K. Alitalo, and S. Rafii
VEGFR-3 and CD133 identify a population of CD34+ lymphatic/vascular endothelial precursor cells
Blood, January 1, 2003; 101(1): 168 - 172.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JCOHome page
H. F. Dvorak
Vascular Permeability Factor/Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor: A Critical Cytokine in Tumor Angiogenesis and a Potential Target for Diagnosis and Therapy
J. Clin. Oncol., November 1, 2002; 20(21): 4368 - 4380.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Cancer Res.Home page
S. R. Wedge, D. J. Ogilvie, M. Dukes, J. Kendrew, R. Chester, J. A. Jackson, S. J. Boffey, P. J. Valentine, J. O. Curwen, H. L. Musgrove, et al.
ZD6474 Inhibits Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Signaling, Angiogenesis, and Tumor Growth following Oral Administration
Cancer Res., August 15, 2002; 62(16): 4645 - 4655.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 FASEB J.Home page
S. A. STACKER, M. E. BALDWIN, and M. G. ACHEN
The role of tumor lymphangiogenesis in metastatic spread
FASEB J, July 1, 2002; 16(9): 922 - 934.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Physiol. Rev.Home page
L. Jussila and K. Alitalo
Vascular Growth Factors and Lymphangiogenesis
Physiol Rev, July 1, 2002; 82(3): 673 - 700.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JCOHome page
M. I. Auvinen, E. I.T. Sihvo, T. Ruohtula, J. T. Salminen, A. Koivistoinen, P. Siivola, R. Ronnholm, J. O. Ramo, M. Bergman, and J. A. Salo
Incipient Angiogenesis in Barrett's Epithelium and Lymphangiogenesis in Barrett's Adenocarcinoma
J. Clin. Oncol., July 1, 2002; 20(13): 2971 - 2979.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]