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From the Department of Biology,*
Capital Community
Technical College, Hartford, Connecticut; the Departments of
Pediatrics
and
Medicine,
University of Connecticut School of
Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut; Boehringer-Ingelheim
Pharmaceuticals, Inc.,¶
Ridgefield,
Connecticut; and Department of Pathobiology,||
University
of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, and Eli Lilly and
Company,§
Lilly Research Laboratories,
Indianapolis, Indiana
T lymphocytes have a central regulatory role in the pathogenesis of
asthma. We delineated the participation of lymphocytes in the acute
allergic and chronic tolerant stages of a murine model of asthma by
characterizing the various subsets of lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar
lavage and lung tissue associated with these responses. Acute (10-day)
aerosol challenge of immunized C57BL/6J mice with ovalbumin resulted in
airway eosinophilia, histological evidence of peribronchial and
perivascular airway inflammation, clusters of B cells and
TCR
cells in lung tissue, increased serum IgE
levels, and airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine. In mice
subjected to chronic (6-week) aerosol challenge with ovalbumin,
airway inflammation and serum IgE levels were significantly attenuated
and airway hyperresponsiveness was absent. The marked increases in lung
B and T cell populations seen in the acute stage were also
significantly reduced in the chronic stage of this model. Thus,
acute ovalbumin challenge resulted in airway sensitization
characteristic of asthma, whereas chronic ovalbumin challenge
elicited a suppressed or tolerant state. The transition from antigenic
sensitization to tolerance was accompanied by shifts in lymphocyte
profiles in the lung and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.
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