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From the Servicio de Reumatología,*
Centro de
Investigación, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; Unité
d’Immunologie Virale,
Institut Pasteur,
Paris, France; Service de Dermatologie,
Hopital H. Mondor, Creteil, France; and INRA,§
Villenave d’Ormon, France
Stromal-cell derived factor or SDF-1 is a CXC chemokine constitutively expressed by stromal bone marrow cell cultures that binds to the G-protein-coupled receptor CXCR4. SDF-1/CXCR4 represents a unique, nonpromiscuous ligand/receptor pair that plays an essential role in prenatal myelo- and lymphopoiesis as well as in cardiovascular and neural development. SDF-1 prevents entry of CXCR4-dependent (X4) HIV viruses in T lymphocytes, by binding and internalizing CXCR4. The expression pattern of SDF-1 protein in normal tissues is not known. Here we describe an analysis of SDF-1 mRNA and protein in normal and inflamed skin by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, using a novel anti-SDF-1 monoclonal antibody. We also describe the expression pattern of CXCR4 receptor by immunohistochemistry. Our results show that SDF-1 protein and mRNA are normally expressed by endothelial cells, pericytes, and either resident or explanted CD1a+ dendritic cells. Epithelial cells of sweat glands but not keratinocytes also express SDF-1. In various inflammatory skin diseases, a large number of mononuclear cells and fibroblasts in close contact with CXCR4-positive lymphocytic infiltrates also express SDF-1. CXCR4 was also detected in many different normal cell types, including endothelial and epithelial cells, which points to a role for SDF-1/CXCR4 cell signaling in vascular and epithelial homeostasis. The demonstration of SDF-1 expression in dendritic and endothelial cells provides new insights into the mechanisms of normal and pathological lymphocyte circulation and makes it possible to envisage a role for locally secreted SDF-1 in the selective incapacity of mucosal dendritic cells to support and propagate infection by X4 HIV isolates.
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T. Okada, V. N. Ngo, E. H. Ekland, R. Forster, M. Lipp, D. R. Littman, and J. G. Cyster Chemokine Requirements for B Cell Entry to Lymph Nodes and Peyer's Patches J. Exp. Med., July 1, 2002; 196(1): 65 - 75. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. A. Luther, A. Bidgol, D. C. Hargreaves, A. Schmidt, Y. Xu, J. Paniyadi, M. Matloubian, and J. G. Cyster Differing Activities of Homeostatic Chemokines CCL19, CCL21, and CXCL12 in Lymphocyte and Dendritic Cell Recruitment and Lymphoid Neogenesis J. Immunol., July 1, 2002; 169(1): 424 - 433. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Valenzuela-Fernandez, T. Planchenault, F. Baleux, I. Staropoli, K. Le-Barillec, D. Leduc, T. Delaunay, F. Lazarini, J.-L. Virelizier, M. Chignard, et al. Leukocyte Elastase Negatively Regulates Stromal Cell-derived Factor-1 (SDF-1)/CXCR4 Binding and Functions by Amino-terminal Processing of SDF-1 and CXCR4 J. Biol. Chem., May 3, 2002; 277(18): 15677 - 15689. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. C. Blades, A. Manzo, F. Ingegnoli, P. R. Taylor, G. S. Panayi, H. Irjala, S. Jalkanen, D. O. Haskard, M. Perretti, and C. Pitzalis Stromal Cell-Derived Factor 1 (CXCL12) Induces Human Cell Migration into Human Lymph Nodes Transplanted into SCID Mice J. Immunol., May 1, 2002; 168(9): 4308 - 4317. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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O. Salvucci, L. Yao, S. Villalba, A. Sajewicz, S. Pittaluga, and G. Tosato Regulation of endothelial cell branching morphogenesis by endogenous chemokine stromal-derived factor-1 Blood, April 15, 2002; 99(8): 2703 - 2711. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 D. Dubois-Laforgue, H. Hendel, S. Caillat-Zucman, J.-F. Zagury, C. Winkler, C. Boitard, and J. Timsit A Common Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1 Chemokine Gene Variant is Associated With the Early Onset of Type 1 Diabetes Diabetes, May 1, 2001; 50(5): 1211 - 1213. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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R. Gillitzer and M. Goebeler Chemokines in cutaneous wound healing J. Leukoc. Biol., April 1, 2001; 69(4): 513 - 521. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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Y. Bakri, C. Schiffer, V. Zennou, P. Charneau, E. Kahn, A. Benjouad, J. C. Gluckman, and B. Canque The Maturation of Dendritic Cells Results in Postintegration Inhibition of HIV-1 Replication J. Immunol., March 15, 2001; 166(6): 3780 - 3788. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. R. L. Gear, S. Suttitanamongkol, D. Viisoreanu, R. K. Polanowska-Grabowska, S. Raha, and D. Camerini Adenosine diphosphate strongly potentiates the ability of the chemokines MDC, TARC, and SDF-1 to stimulate platelet function Blood, February 15, 2001; 97(4): 937 - 945. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 N. Dejucq, G. Simmons, and P. R. Clapham T-cell line adaptation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 strain SF162: effects on envelope, vpu and macrophage-tropism J. Gen. Virol., December 1, 2000; 81(12): 2899 - 2904. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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J. A. Burger, N. Tsukada, M. Burger, N. J. Zvaifler, M. Dell'Aquila, and T. J. Kipps Blood-derived nurse-like cells protect chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells from spontaneous apoptosis through stromal cell-derived factor-1 Blood, October 15, 2000; 96(8): 2655 - 2663. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. D. Buckley, N. Amft, P. F. Bradfield, D. Pilling, E. Ross, F. Arenzana-Seisdedos, A. Amara, S. J. Curnow, J. M. Lord, D. Scheel-Toellner, et al. Persistent Induction of the Chemokine Receptor CXCR4 by TGF-{beta}1 on Synovial T Cells Contributes to Their Accumulation Within the Rheumatoid Synovium J. Immunol., September 15, 2000; 165(6): 3423 - 3429. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Hirose, H. Kawashima, O. Yoshie, K. Tashiro, and M. Miyasaka Versican Interacts with Chemokines and Modulates Cellular Responses J. Biol. Chem., February 9, 2001; 276(7): 5228 - 5234. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. Sadir, F. Baleux, A. Grosdidier, A. Imberty, and H. Lortat-Jacob Characterization of the Stromal Cell-derived Factor-1alpha -Heparin Complex J. Biol. Chem., March 9, 2001; 276(11): 8288 - 8296. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Valenzuela-Fernandez, T. Palanche, A. Amara, A. Magerus, R. Altmeyer, T. Delaunay, J.-L. Virelizier, F. Baleux, J.-L. Galzi, and F. Arenzana-Seisdedos Optimal Inhibition of X4 HIV Isolates by the CXC Chemokine Stromal Cell-derived Factor 1alpha Requires Interaction with Cell Surface Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans J. Biol. Chem., July 6, 2001; 276(28): 26550 - 26558. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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