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From the Laboratory for Surgical Research,*
Childrens
Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; the Department
of Ophthalmology,
Massachusetts Eye and Ear
Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; the
Department of Ophthalmology,
Joslin Diabetes
Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and the
Department of Ophthalmology,§
Nagoya City
University Medical School, Nagoya, Japan
Two prominent vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced retinal effects are vascular permeability and capillary nonperfusion. The mechanisms by which these effects occur are not completely known. Using a rat model, we show that intravitreous injections of VEGF precipitate an extensive retinal leukocyte stasis (leukostasis) that coincides with enhanced vascular permeability and capillary nonperfusion. The leukostasis is accompanied by the up-regulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in the retina. The inhibition of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 bioactivity with a neutralizing antibody prevents the permeability and leukostasis increases by 79% and 54%, respectively. These data are the first to demonstrate that a nonendothelial cell type contributes to VEGF-induced vascular permeability. Additionally, they identify a potential mechanism for VEGF-induced retinal capillary nonperfusion.
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