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From the Laboratory of Pathology*
and
Department of Hematology,
Hospital
Clínic, Institut dInvestigacions Biomediques August Pi i
Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
INK4a/ARF locus codes for two different
proteins, p16INK4a and p14ARF,
involved in cell cycle regulation. p14ARF is
considered an upstream regulator of p53 function. To determine the role
of these genes in the pathogenesis of human non-Hodgkins lymphomas we
have analyzed exon 1ß, 1
, and 2 of the
INK4a/ARF locus and p53 gene aberrations
in 97 tumors previously characterized for
p16INK4a alterations. p53 alterations were
detected in four of 51 (8%) indolent lymphomas but in 15 of 46 (33%)
aggressive tumors. Inactivation of p14ARF
was always associated with p16INK4a
alterations. Exon 1ß was concomitantly deleted with exon 1
and 2
in eight tumors. One additional lymphoblastic lymphoma showed deletion
of exon 1
and 2 but retained exon 1ß. No mutations were detected
in exon 1
and 1ß in any case. Two of the three mutations detected
in exon 2 caused a nonsense mutation in the
p16INK4a reading frame and a missense
mutation in the ARF reading frame involving the nucleolar transport
domain of the protein. The third mutation was a missense mutation in
the p16INK4a reading frame, but it
was outside the coding region of p14ARF.
Aggressive lymphomas with p14ARF
inactivation and p53 wild type showed a significantly
lower p53 protein expression than tumors with no alteration in any of
these genes. In this series of tumors, inactivation of the
INK4a/ARF locus mainly occurred in tumors with a wild-type
p53 gene because only two lymphomas showed simultaneous
aberrations in these genes. Tumors with concomitant alterations of
p16INK4a and
p14ARF/p53 genes seem to exhibit a worse
clinical behavior than lymphomas with no alterations or isolated
inactivation of any of these genes. These findings indicate that
p14ARF genetic alterations occur in a subset
of aggressive NHLs, but they are always associated with
p16INK4a aberrations. Concomitant disruption
of p16INK4a and
p14ARF/p53 regulatory pathways may have a
cooperative effect in the progression of these tumors.
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