| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
Regular Articles |
From the Department of Biochemistry,*
Costa del Sol
Hospital, Marbella, Spain; the Department of
Pathology,
Virgen de las Nieves Hospital,
Granada, Spain; the Department of Pathology,
University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; and the
Department of Biochemistry,§
University of
Málaga, Málaga, Spain
Clusterin has been implicated in numerous processes including active cell death, immune regulation, cell adhesion and morphological transformation. The purpose of this study was to examine clusterin expression in a large series of breast carcinomas by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. The study included 40 samples of non-neoplastic glandular epithelia, 42 benign lesions, 15 atypical intraductal hyperplasias, 35 carcinomas in situ, 114 invasive carcinomas, and lymph node metastases from 40 patients. Epithelial normal cells were always negative for clusterin expression and only 19% of the benign lesions presented positive staining. In contrast to the benign lesions, however, the frequency of clusterin positive samples increased in atypical hyperplasias (47%, P = 0.08), intraductal carcinomas (49%, P = 0.01) and invasive carcinomas (53%, P < 0.001). Positive staining presented a cytoplasmic pattern, except in 3 cases of invasive carcinomas which had nuclear staining. Clusterin mRNA by in situ hybridization confirmed the specific cellular pattern of clusterin expression by immunohistochemistry. Clusterin expression was associated with large tumor size (P = 0.04), estrogen and progesterone receptor negative status (P = 0.02 and P = 0.001, respectively) and with the progression from primary carcinoma to metastatic carcinoma in lymph nodes (80% metastatic nodes had positive expression) (P = 0.004). Ten of 15 (67%) primary carcinomas without clusterin expression became positive in lymph node metastases, while most (22 of 25, 88%) of the clusterin-positive primary carcinomas were also immunoreactive in metastases. In survival analysis, clusterin expression did not represent a prognostic indicator by uni- or multivariate analysis. The increased clusterin expression in breast carcinomas tended to correlate inversely with the apoptotic index (P = 0.09) which indicates that clusterin gene expression is not a prerequisite to cellular death by apoptosis. From these results, we suggest that clusterin may have a role in tumorigenesis and progression of human breast carcinomas.
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  F. Rizzi and S. Bettuzzi The clusterin paradigm in prostate and breast carcinogenesis Endocr. Relat. Cancer, January 29, 2010; 17(1): R1 - R17. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. K. YOM, H.-Y. WOO, S. Y. MIN, S. Y. KANG, and H. S. KIM Clusterin Overexpression and Relapse-free Survival in Breast Cancer Anticancer Res, October 1, 2009; 29(10): 3909 - 3912. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 O. Chayka, D. Corvetta, M. Dews, A. E. Caccamo, I. Piotrowska, G. Santilli, S. Gibson, N. J. Sebire, N. Himoudi, M. D. Hogarty, et al. Clusterin, a Haploinsufficient Tumor Suppressor Gene in Neuroblastomas J Natl Cancer Inst, May 6, 2009; 101(9): 663 - 677. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Chandra, J. A. Plaza, Z. Zuo, A. H. Diwan, H. Koeppen, M. Duvic, L. J. Medeiros, and V. G. Prieto Clusterin Expression Correlates With Stage and Presence of Large Cells in Mycosis Fungoides Am J Clin Pathol, April 1, 2009; 131(4): 511 - 515. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Kevans, J. Foley, M. Tenniswood, K. Sheahan, J. Hyland, D. O'Donoghue, H. Mulcahy, and J. O'Sullivan High Clusterin Expression Correlates with a Poor Outcome in Stage II Colorectal Cancers Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., February 1, 2009; 18(2): 393 - 399. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. P. Trougakos, J. Y. Djeu, E. S. Gonos, and D. A. Boothman Advances and Challenges in Basic and Translational Research on Clusterin Cancer Res., January 15, 2009; 69(2): 403 - 406. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Chia, S. Dent, S. Ellard, P. M. Ellis, T. Vandenberg, K. Gelmon, J. Powers, W. Walsh, L. Seymour, and E. A. Eisenhauer Phase II Trial of OGX-011 in Combination with Docetaxel in Metastatic Breast Cancer Clin. Cancer Res., January 15, 2009; 15(2): 708 - 713. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. N. Chi, L. L. Siu, H. Hirte, S. J. Hotte, J. Knox, C. Kollmansberger, M. Gleave, E. Guns, J. Powers, W. Walsh, et al. A Phase I Study of OGX-011, a 2'-Methoxyethyl Phosphorothioate Antisense to Clusterin, in Combination with Docetaxel in Patients with Advanced Cancer Clin. Cancer Res., February 1, 2008; 14(3): 833 - 839. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M. Albert, A. Gonzalez, P. P. Massion, H. Chen, S. J. Olson, Y. Shyr, R. Diaz, E. S. Lambright, A. Sandler, D. P. Carbone, et al. Cytoplasmic Clusterin Expression Is Associated with Longer Survival in Patients with Resected Non Small Cell Lung Cancer Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., September 1, 2007; 16(9): 1845 - 1851. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Ishii, Y. Sakai, and A. Nakamura Molecular Pathological Evaluation of Clusterin in a Rat Model of Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction as a Possible Biomarker of Nephrotoxicity Toxicol Pathol, April 1, 2007; 35(3): 376 - 382. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. R. Cochrane, Z. Wang, M. Muramaki, M. E. Gleave, and C. C. Nelson Differential Regulation of Clusterin and Its Isoforms by Androgens in Prostate Cells J. Biol. Chem., January 26, 2007; 282(4): 2278 - 2287. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. R. Thomsen, K. Almstrup, J. E. Nielsen, I. K. Sorensen, O. W. Petersen, H. Leffers, and V. M. Breinholt Estrogenic Effect of Soy Isoflavones on Mammary Gland Morphogenesis and Gene Expression Profile Toxicol. Sci., October 1, 2006; 93(2): 357 - 368. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. M. Rodriguez-Pineiro, M. P. de la Cadena, A. Lopez-Saco, and F. J. Rodriguez-Berrocal Differential Expression of Serum Clusterin Isoforms in Colorectal Cancer Mol. Cell. Proteomics, September 1, 2006; 5(9): 1647 - 1657. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Mukhopadhyay The Tumor Suppressor von Hippel-Lindau Gene Product and Metastasis: New Thoughts on an Old Molecule Am. J. Pathol., February 1, 2006; 168(2): 367 - 369. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. So, S. Sinnemann, D. Huntsman, L. Fazli, and M. Gleave Knockdown of the cytoprotective chaperone, clusterin, chemosensitizes human breast cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo Mol. Cancer Ther., December 1, 2005; 4(12): 1837 - 1849. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. C. Mallory, G. Crudden, A. Oliva, C. Saunders, A. Stromberg, and R. J. Craven A Novel Group of Genes Regulates Susceptibility to Antineoplastic Drugs in Highly Tumorigenic Breast Cancer Cells Mol. Pharmacol., December 1, 2005; 68(6): 1747 - 1756. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. N. Chi, E. Eisenhauer, L. Fazli, E. C. Jones, S. L. Goldenberg, J. Powers, D. Tu, and M. E. Gleave A Phase I Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Study of OGX-011, a 2'-Methoxyethyl Antisense Oligonucleotide to Clusterin, in Patients With Localized Prostate Cancer J Natl Cancer Inst, September 7, 2005; 97(17): 1287 - 1296. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Criswell, M. Beman, S. Araki, K. Leskov, E. Cataldo, L. D. Mayo, and D. A. Boothman Delayed Activation of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Receptor/Src/MAPK/Egr-1 Signaling Regulates Clusterin Expression, a Pro-survival Factor J. Biol. Chem., April 8, 2005; 280(14): 14212 - 14221. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Orlandi, S. Pucci, A. Ciucci, F. Pichiorri, A. Ferlosio, and L. G. Spagnoli Modulation of Clusterin Isoforms Is Associated With All-Trans Retinoic Acid-Induced Proliferative Arrest and Apoptosis of Intimal Smooth Muscle Cells Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, February 1, 2005; 25(2): 348 - 353. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
O. Zierau, J. O'Sullivan, C. Morrissey, D. McDonald, W. Wunsche, M. R Schneider, M. P Tenniswood, and G. Vollmer Tamoxifen exerts agonistic effects on clusterin and complement C3 gene expression in RUCA-I primary xenografts and metastases but not normal uterus Endocr. Relat. Cancer, December 1, 2004; 11(4): 823 - 830. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Chen, J. Turner, S. McCarthy, M. Scaltriti, S. Bettuzzi, and T. J. Yeatman Clusterin-Mediated Apoptosis Is Regulated by Adenomatous Polyposis Coli and Is p21 Dependent but p53 Independent Cancer Res., October 15, 2004; 64(20): 7412 - 7419. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Thomas-Tikhonenko, I. Viard-Leveugle, M. Dews, P. Wehrli, C. Sevignani, D. Yu, S. Ricci, W. el-Deiry, B. Aronow, G. Kaya, et al. Myc-Transformed Epithelial Cells Down-Regulate Clusterin, Which Inhibits Their Growth in Vitro and Carcinogenesis in Vivo Cancer Res., May 1, 2004; 64(9): 3126 - 3136. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. P. Trougakos, A. So, B. Jansen, M. E. Gleave, and E. S. Gonos Silencing Expression of the Clusterin/Apolipoprotein J Gene in Human Cancer Cells Using Small Interfering RNA Induces Spontaneous Apoptosis, Reduced Growth Ability, and Cell Sensitization to Genotoxic and Oxidative Stress Cancer Res., March 1, 2004; 64(5): 1834 - 1842. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
