This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Purchase Article View Shopping Cart Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Kielian, T. Articles by Hickey, W. F. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Kielian, T. Articles by Hickey, W. F.

(American Journal of Pathology. 2000;157:647-658.)
© 2000 American Society for Investigative Pathology

Regular Articles

Proinflammatory Cytokine, Chemokine, and Cellular Adhesion Molecule Expression during the Acute Phase of Experimental Brain Abscess Development

From the Department of Pathology, Dartmouth Medical School, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire

Brain abscess represents the infectious disease sequelae associated with the influx of inflammatory cells and activation of resident parenchymal cells in the central nervous system. However, the immune response leading to the establishment of a brain abscess remains poorly defined. In this study, we have characterized cytokine and chemokine expression in an experimental brain abscess model in the rat during the acute stage of abscess development. RNase protection assay revealed the induction of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1, IL-1ß, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor- as early as 1 to 6 hours after Staphylococcus aureus exposure. Evaluation of chemokine expression by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction demonstrated enhanced levels of the CXC chemokine KC 24 hours after bacterial exposure, which correlated with the appearance of neutrophils in the abscess. In addition, two CC chemokines, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 were induced within 24 hours after S. aureus exposure and preceded the influx of macrophages and lymphocytes into the brain. Analysis of abscess lesions by in situ hybridization identified CD11b+ cells as the source of IL-1ß in response to S. aureus. Both intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule expression were enhanced on microvessels in S. aureus but not sterile bead-implanted tissues at 24 and 48 hours after treatment. These results characterize proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine expression during the early response to S. aureus in the brain and provide the foundation to assess the functional significance of these mediators in brain abscess pathogenesis.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				W. Stenzel, S. Soltek, M. Sanchez-Ruiz, S. Akira, H. Miletic, D. Schluter, and M. Deckert Both TLR2 and TLR4 Are Required for the Effective Immune Response in Staphylococcus aureus-Induced Experimental Murine Brain Abscess Am. J. Pathol., January 1, 2008; 172(1): 132 - 145. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Kielian, N. Esen, S. Liu, N. K. Phulwani, M. M. Syed, N. Phillips, K. Nishina, A. L. Cheung, J. D. Schwartzman, and J. J. Ruhe Minocycline Modulates Neuroinflammation Independently of Its Antimicrobial Activity in Staphylococcus aureus-Induced Brain Abscess Am. J. Pathol., October 1, 2007; 171(4): 1199 - 1214. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Kielian, N. K. Phulwani, N. Esen, M. Md. Syed, A. C. Haney, K. McCastlain, and J. Johnson MyD88-Dependent Signals Are Essential for the Host Immune Response in Experimental Brain Abscess J. Immunol., April 1, 2007; 178(7): 4528 - 4537. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. M. McLoughlin, R. M. Solinga, J. Rich, K. J. Zaleski, J. L. Cocchiaro, A. Risley, A. O. Tzianabos, and J. C. Lee CD4+ T cells and CXC chemokines modulate the pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus wound infections PNAS, July 5, 2006; 103(27): 10408 - 10413. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Kielian, A. Haney, P. M. Mayes, S. Garg, and N. Esen Toll-Like Receptor 2 Modulates the Proinflammatory Milieu in Staphylococcus aureus-Induced Brain Abscess Infect. Immun., November 1, 2005; 73(11): 7428 - 7435. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. K. Gupta, K. M. Hasan, A. M. Mishra, D. Jha, M. Husain, K. N. Prasad, and P. A. Narayana High Fractional Anisotropy in Brain Abscesses versus Other Cystic Intracranial Lesions AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., May 1, 2005; 26(5): 1107 - 1114. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Kielian, A. Cheung, and W. F. Hickey Diminished Virulence of an Alpha-Toxin Mutant of Staphylococcus aureus in Experimental Brain Abscesses Infect. Immun., November 1, 2001; 69(11): 6902 - 6911. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. J. McMahon, D. N. Cook, K. Suzuki, and G. K. Matsushima Absence of Macrophage-Inflammatory Protein-1{alpha} Delays Central Nervous System Demyelination in the Presence of an Intact Blood-Brain Barrier J. Immunol., September 1, 2001; 167(5): 2964 - 2971. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Kielian, B. Barry, and W. F. Hickey CXC Chemokine Receptor-2 Ligands Are Required for Neutrophil-Mediated Host Defense in Experimental Brain Abscesses1 J. Immunol., April 1, 2001; 166(7): 4634 - 4643. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]