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(American Journal of Pathology. 2000;157:1467-1472.)
© 2000 American Society for Investigative Pathology

Technical Advances

Chromogenic in Situ Hybridization

A Practical Alternative for Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization to Detect HER-2/neu Oncogene Amplification in Archival Breast Cancer Samples

Minna Tanner*, David Gancberg{dagger}, Angelo Di Leo{dagger}, Denis Larsimont{dagger}, Ghizlane Rouas{dagger}, Martine J. Piccart{dagger} and Jorma Isola*

From the Laboratory of Cancer Genetics,*
Institute of Medical Technology University and University Hospital of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; and the Jules Bordet Institute,{dagger}
Brussels, Belgium

Determination of HER-2/neu oncogene amplification has become necessary for selection of breast cancer patients for trastuzumab (Herceptin) therapy. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is currently regarded as a gold standard method for detecting HER-2/neu amplification, but it is not very practical for routine histopathological laboratories. We evaluated a new modification of in situ hybridization, the chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH), which enables detection of HER-2/neu gene copies with conventional peroxidase reaction. Archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissue sections were pretreated (by heating in a microwave oven and using enzyme digestion) and hybridized with a digoxigenin-labeled DNA probe. The probe was detected with anti-digoxigenin fluorescein, anti-fluorescein peroxidase, and diaminobenzidine. Gene copies visualized by CISH could be easily distinguished with a x40 objective in hematoxylin-stained tissue sections. HER-2/neu amplification typically appeared as large peroxidase-positive intranuclear gene copy clusters. CISH and FISH (according to Vysis, made from frozen pulverized tumor samples) correlated well in a series of 157 breast cancers (kappa coefficient, 0.81). The few different classifications were mostly because of low-level amplifications by FISH that were negative by CISH and immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibody CB-11. We conclude that CISH, using conventional bright-field microscopy in evaluation, is a useful alternative for determination of HER-2/neu amplification in paraffin-embedded tumor samples, especially for confirming the immunohistochemical staining results.




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