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From the Departments of Microbiology and Oral Biology,*
Immunobiology Vaccine Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham
Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama; the Department of Pediatrics
Division of Infectious Diseases
and the
Departments of Pathology
and
Otolaryngology,§
Vanderbilt University,
Nashville, Tennessee; and the Department of Mucosal
Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial
Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
Subepithelial and intraepithelial lymphocytes of human adenoids and
tonsils were characterized and directly compared to determine the
potential contribution of these tissues to mucosal and systemic immune
responses. The distribution of T and B cell subsets, cytokine
patterns, and antibody (Ab) isotype profiles were similar for
adenoids and tonsils. Both tissues contained predominantly B cells
(
65%), approximately 5% macrophages, and 30%
CD3+ T cells. The T cells were primarily of the
CD4+ subset (80%). Tonsillar intraepithelial
lymphocytes were also enriched in B cells. The analysis of dispersed
cells revealed a higher frequency of cells secreting IgG than IgA and
the predominant Ig subclass profiles were IgG1 > IgG3 and
IgA1 > IgA2, respectively. In situ
analysis also revealed higher numbers of IgG- than IgA-positive cells.
These IgG-positive cells were present in the epithelium and in the
subepithelial zones of both tonsils and adenoids. Mitogen-triggered T
cells from tonsils and adenoids produced both Th1- and Th2-type
cytokines, clearly exhibiting their pluripotentiality for
support of cell-mediated and Ab responses. Interestingly,
antigen-specific T cells produced interferon-
and lower levels of
interleukin-5. These results suggest that adenoids and tonsils of the
nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoreticular tissues represent a distinct
component of the mucosal-associated lymphoreticular tissues with
features of both systemic and mucosal compartments.
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