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Animal Models |
From the Program in Molecular and Cellular
Biology*
and the Department of Veterinary and Animal
Sciences,
University of Massachusetts,
Amherst, Massachusetts; the Departments of Cell
Biology
and
Pathology,§
Baylor College of Medicine,
Houston, Texas; and the Department of Pathology,
Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, Massachusetts
Breast cancer is the most frequent tumor type among women in the United States and in individuals with Li-Fraumeni syndrome. The p53 tumor suppressor gene is altered in a large proportion of both spontaneous breast malignancies and Li-Fraumeni breast cancers. This suggests that loss of p53 can accelerate breast tumorigenesis, yet p53-deficient mice rarely develop mammary tumors. To evaluate the effect of p53 loss on mammary tumor formation, the p53null allele was back-crossed onto the BALB/c genetic background. Median survival was 15.4 weeks for BALB/c-p53-/- mice compared to 54 weeks for BALB/c-p53+/- mice. Sarcomas and lymphomas were the most frequent tumor types in BALB/c-p53-/- mice, whereas 55% of the female BALB/c-p53+/- mice developed mammary carcinomas. The mammary tumors were highly aneuploid, frequently lost the remaining wild-type p53 allele, but rarely lost BRCA1. Although mammary tumors were rarely detected in BALB/c-p53-/- female mice, when glands from BALB/c-p53-/- mice were transplanted into wild-type BALB/c hosts, 75% developed mammary tumors. The high rate of mammary tumor development in the BALB/c background, but not C57Bl/6 or 129/Sv, suggests a genetic predisposition toward mammary tumorigenesis. Therefore, the BALB/c-p53+/- mice provide a unique model for the study of breast cancer in Li-Fraumeni syndrome. These results demonstrate the critical role that the p53 tumor suppressor gene plays in preventing tumorigenesis in the mammary gland.
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