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From the Ophthalmology Research Laboratories*
and
Neurosurgical Institute,
Burns and Allen
Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of
California Los Angeles Medical School Affiliate, Los Angeles,
California; the Department of Ophthalmology,
Kyoto Prefecture University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; the School of
Biological Sciences,§
University of East
Anglia, Norwich, England; and the School of
Dentistry,
Indiana University,
Indianapolis, Indiana
We have previously described decreased immunostaining of
nidogen-1/entactin; laminin chains
1,
5,
{beta}1,
1; and epithelial integrin
3{beta}1 in human diabetic retinopathy (DR)
corneas. Here, using 142 human corneas, we tested
whether these alterations might be caused by decreased gene expression
levels or increased degradation. By semiquantitative reverse
transcription-polymerase chain reaction, gene expression levels
of the
1,
5, and {beta}1 laminin chains;
nidogen-1/entactin; integrin
3 and {beta}1
chains in diabetic and DR corneal epithelium were similar to normal.
Thus, the observed basement membrane and integrin changes were
unlikely to occur because of a decreased synthesis. mRNA levels of
matrix metalloproteinase-10 (MMP-10/stromelysin-2) were significantly
elevated in DR corneal epithelium and stroma, and of
MMP-3/stromelysin-1, in DR corneal stroma. No such elevation
was seen in keratoconus corneas. These data were confirmed by
immunostaining, zymography, and Western blotting. mRNA
levels of five other proteinases and of three tissue inhibitors of MMPs
were similar to normal in diabetic and DR corneal epithelium and
stroma. The data suggest that alterations of laminins,
nidogen-1/entactin, and epithelial integrin in DR corneas may
occur because of an increased proteolytic degradation. MMP-10
overexpressed in the diabetic corneal epithelium seems to be the major
contributor to the observed changes in DR corneas. Such alterations may
bring about epithelial adhesive abnormalities clinically seen in
diabetic corneas.
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