| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
Regular Articles |
From the Department of Psychiatry, Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
C-reactive protein (CRP) and complement are hypothesized to be major mediators of inflammation in atherosclerotic plaques. We used the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction technique to detect the mRNAs for CRP and the classical complement components C1 to C9 in both normal arterial and plaque tissue, establishing that they can be endogenously generated by arteries. When the CRP mRNA levels of plaque tissue, normal artery, and liver were compared in the same cases, plaque levels were 10.2-fold higher than normal artery and 7.2-fold higher than liver. By Western blotting, we showed that the protein levels of CRP and complement proteins were also up-regulated in plaque tissue and that there was full activation of the classical complement pathway. By in situ hybridization, we detected intense signals for CRP and C4 mRNAs in smooth muscle-like cells and macrophages in the thickened intima of plaques. By immunohistochemistry we showed co-localization of CRP and the membrane attack complex of complement. We also detected up-regulation in plaque tissue of the mRNAs for the macrophage markers CD11b and HLA-DR, as well as their protein products. We showed by immunohistochemistry macrophage infiltration of plaque tissue. Because CRP is a complement activator, and activated complement attacks cells in plaque tissue, these data provide evidence of a self-sustaining autotoxic mechanism operating within the plaques as a precursor to thrombotic events.
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  K. C.M.C. Koeijvoets, S. P. Mooijaart, G. M. Dallinga-Thie, J. C. Defesche, E. W. Steyerberg, R. G.J. Westendorp, J. J.P. Kastelein, P. M. van Hagen, and E. J.G. Sijbrands Complement factor H Y402H decreases cardiovascular disease risk in patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia Eur. Heart J., March 1, 2009; 30(5): 618 - 623. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 U. Singh, S. Devaraj, and I. Jialal C-Reactive Protein Stimulates Myeloperoxidase Release from Polymorphonuclear Cells and Monocytes: Implications for Acute Coronary Syndromes Clin. Chem., February 1, 2009; 55(2): 361 - 364. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Devaraj, U. Singh, and I. Jialal The Evolving Role of C-Reactive Protein in Atherothrombosis Clin. Chem., February 1, 2009; 55(2): 229 - 238. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. Maingrette, L. Li, and G. Renier C-reactive protein enhances macrophage lipoprotein lipase expression J. Lipid Res., September 1, 2008; 49(9): 1926 - 1935. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. J. Ho, C. D. Owens, T. Longo, X. X. Sui, C. Ifantides, and M. S. Conte C-reactive protein and vein graft disease: evidence for a direct effect on smooth muscle cell phenotype via modulation of PDGF receptor-{beta} Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, September 1, 2008; 295(3): H1132 - H1140. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y.-f. Cheung, G.-y. Huang, S.-b. Chen, X.-q. Liu, L. Xi, X.-c. Liang, M.-r. Huang, S. Chen, L.-s. Huang, X.-q. Liu, et al. Inflammatory Gene Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Kawasaki Disease and Its Arterial Sequelae Pediatrics, September 1, 2008; 122(3): e608 - e614. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. M. Biasucci, M. Leo, and G. L. De Maria Local and Systemic Mechanisms of Plaque Rupture Angiology, August 1, 2008; 59(2_suppl): 73S - 76S. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
U. Singh, M. R. Dasu, P. G. Yancey, A. Afify, S. Devaraj, and I. Jialal Human C-reactive protein promotes oxidized low density lipoprotein uptake and matrix metalloproteinase-9 release in Wistar rats J. Lipid Res., May 1, 2008; 49(5): 1015 - 1023. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Wu, M. J. Stevenson, J. M. Brown, E. A. Grunz, T. L. Strawn, and W. P. Fay C-Reactive Protein Enhances Tissue Factor Expression by Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: Mechanisms and In Vivo Significance Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., April 1, 2008; 28(4): 698 - 704. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. A. Van Vre, H. Bult, V. Y. Hoymans, V. F.I. Van Tendeloo, C. J. Vrints, and J. M. Bosmans Human C-Reactive Protein Activates Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells and Induces Dendritic Cell-Mediated T-Cell Activation Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., March 1, 2008; 28(3): 511 - 518. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. Verdeguer, C. Castro, M. Kubicek, D. Pla, M. Vila-Caballer, A. Vinue, F. Civeira, M. Pocovi, J. J. Calvete, and V. Andres Complement regulation in murine and human hypercholesterolemia and role in the control of macrophage and smooth muscle cell proliferation Cardiovasc Res, November 1, 2007; 76(2): 340 - 350. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Lithgow, A. Nyamathi, D. Elashoff, O. Martinez-Maza, and C. Covington C-reactive Protein in Nipple Aspirate Fluid Associated With Gail Model Factors Biol Res Nurs, October 1, 2007; 9(2): 108 - 116. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. N. Patel, C. A. King, S. R. Bailey, J. W. Holt, K. Venkatachalam, A. Agrawal, A. J. Valente, and B. Chandrasekar Interleukin-17 Stimulates C-reactive Protein Expression in Hepatocytes and Smooth Muscle Cells via p38 MAPK and ERK1/2-dependent NF-{kappa}B and C/EBPbeta Activation J. Biol. Chem., September 14, 2007; 282(37): 27229 - 27238. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Kuji, T. Masaki, L. Li, and A. K. Cheung Expression of C-reactive protein in myointimal hyperplasia in a porcine arteriovenous graft model Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., September 1, 2007; 22(9): 2469 - 2475. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Singh, M. Hoffmann, R. Wolk, A. S.M. Shamsuzzaman, and V. K. Somers Leptin Induces C-Reactive Protein Expression in Vascular Endothelial Cells Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., September 1, 2007; 27(9): e302 - e307. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Norja, L. Nuutila, P. J Karhunen, and S. Goebeler C-reactive protein in vulnerable coronary plaques J. Clin. Pathol., May 1, 2007; 60(5): 545 - 548. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Tabuchi, K. Inoue, H. Usui-Kataoka, K. Kobayashi, M. Teramoto, K. Takasugi, K. Shikata, M. Yamamura, K. Ando, K. Nishida, et al. The association of C-reactive protein with an oxidative metabolite of LDL and its implication in atherosclerosis J. Lipid Res., April 1, 2007; 48(4): 768 - 781. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Udvarnoki, L. Cervenak, K. Uray, F. Hudecz, I. Kacskovics, R. Spallek, M. Singh, G. Fust, and Z. Prohaszka Antibodies against C-Reactive Protein Cross-React with 60-Kilodalton Heat Shock Proteins Clin. Vaccine Immunol., April 1, 2007; 14(4): 335 - 341. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Wehner, C. N. Morrell, T. Reynolds, E. R. Rodriguez, and W. M. Baldwin III Antibody and Complement in Transplant Vasculopathy Circ. Res., February 2, 2007; 100(2): 191 - 203. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. R. Anderson, J. M. Tsutsui, F. Xie, S. J. Radio, and T. R. Porter The role of complement in the adherence of microbubbles to dysfunctional arterial endothelium and atherosclerotic plaque Cardiovasc Res, February 1, 2007; 73(3): 597 - 606. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Koenig and N. Khuseyinova Biomarkers of Atherosclerotic Plaque Instability and Rupture Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., January 1, 2007; 27(1): 15 - 26. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S.-R. Ji, Y. Wu, L. Zhu, L. A. Potempa, F.-L. Sheng, W. Lu, and J. Zhao Cell membranes and liposomes dissociate C-reactive protein (CRP) to form a new, biologically active structural intermediate: mCRPm FASEB J, January 1, 2007; 21(1): 284 - 294. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M.-L. Gross, H.-P. Meyer, H. Ziebart, P. Rieger, U. Wenzel, K. Amann, I. Berger, M. Adamczak, P. Schirmacher, and E. Ritz Calcification of Coronary Intima and Media: Immunohistochemistry, Backscatter Imaging, and X-Ray Analysis in Renal and Nonrenal Patients Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., January 1, 2007; 2(1): 121 - 134. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Blaschke, Y. Takata, E. Caglayan, A. Collins, P. Tontonoz, W. A. Hsueh, and R. K. Tangirala A Nuclear Receptor Corepressor-Dependent Pathway Mediates Suppression of Cytokine-Induced C-Reactive Protein Gene Expression by Liver X Receptor Circ. Res., December 8, 2006; 99(12): e88 - e99. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Devaraj, B. Davis, S. I. Simon, and I. Jialal CRP promotes monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion via Fc{gamma} receptors in human aortic endothelial cells under static and shear flow conditions Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, September 1, 2006; 291(3): H1170 - H1176. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Somani, P. J. Grant, K. Kain, A. J. Catto, and A. M. Carter Complement C3 and C-Reactive Protein Are Elevated in South Asians Independent of a Family History of Stroke Stroke, August 1, 2006; 37(8): 2001 - 2006. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Paffen and M. P.M. deMaat C-reactive protein in atherosclerosis: A causal factor? Cardiovasc Res, July 1, 2006; 71(1): 30 - 39. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. M. Scirica, D. A. Morrow, S. Verma, S. Devaraj, I. Jialal, B. M. Scirica, D. A. Morrow, S. Verma, S. Devaraj, and I. Jialal The Verdict Is Still Out Circulation, May 2, 2006; 113(17): 2128 - 2151. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Krupinski, M. M. Turu, J. Martinez-Gonzalez, A. Carvajal, J. O. Juan-Babot, E. Iborra, M. Slevin, F. Rubio, and L. Badimon Endogenous Expression of C-Reactive Protein Is Increased in Active (Ulcerated Noncomplicated) Human Carotid Artery Plaques Stroke, May 1, 2006; 37(5): 1200 - 1204. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. Montero, J. Orbe, N. Varo, O. Beloqui, J. I. Monreal, J. A. Rodriguez, J. Diez, P. Libby, and J. A. Paramo C-Reactive Protein Induces Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 and -10 in Human Endothelial Cells: Implications for Clinical and Subclinical Atherosclerosis J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 4, 2006; 47(7): 1369 - 1378. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Jialal, S. Devaraj, and U. Singh C-Reactive Protein and the Vascular Endothelium: Implications for Plaque Instability J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 4, 2006; 47(7): 1379 - 1381. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S.-R. Ji, Y. Wu, L. A. Potempa, Y.-H. Liang, and J. Zhao Effect of Modified C-Reactive Protein on Complement Activation: A Possible Complement Regulatory Role of Modified or Monomeric C-Reactive Protein in Atherosclerotic Lesions Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., April 1, 2006; 26(4): 935 - 941. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D Skowasch, S Schrempf, C J Preusse, J A Likungu, A Welz, B Luderitz, and G Bauriedel Tissue resident C reactive protein in degenerative aortic valves: correlation with serum C reactive protein concentrations and modification by statins Heart, April 1, 2006; 92(4): 495 - 498. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. Jialal, S. Devaraj, U. Singh, J. Fan, and Y. E. Chen Sources of CRP in Atherosclerotic Lesions Am. J. Pathol., March 1, 2006; 168(3): 1054 - 1056. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M Meuwissen, A C van der Wal, H W M Niessen, K T Koch, R J de Winter, C M van der Loos, S Z H Rittersma, S A J Chamuleau, J G P Tijssen, A E Becker, et al. Colocalisation of intraplaque C reactive protein, complement, oxidised low density lipoprotein, and macrophages in stable and unstable angina and acute myocardial infarction J. Clin. Pathol., February 1, 2006; 59(2): 196 - 201. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D.-H. Kang, S.-K. Park, I.-K. Lee, and R. J. Johnson Uric Acid-Induced C-Reactive Protein Expression: Implication on Cell Proliferation and Nitric Oxide Production of Human Vascular Cells J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., December 1, 2005; 16(12): 3553 - 3562. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S G Baidya and Q-T Zeng Helper T cells and atherosclerosis: the cytokine web Postgrad. Med. J., December 1, 2005; 81(962): 746 - 752. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. Ciubotaru, L. A. Potempa, and R. C. Wander Production of Modified C-Reactive Protein in U937-Derived Macrophages Experimental Biology and Medicine, November 1, 2005; 230(10): 762 - 770. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. S. Speidl, M. Exner, J. Amighi, S. P. Kastl, G. Zorn, G. Maurer, O. Wagner, K. Huber, E. Minar, J. Wojta, et al. Complement component C5a predicts future cardiovascular events in patients with advanced atherosclerosis Eur. Heart J., November 1, 2005; 26(21): 2294 - 2299. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. M Carter Inflammation, thrombosis and acute coronary syndromes Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research, October 1, 2005; 2(3): 113 - 121. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Torzewski C-Reactive Protein and Atherogenesis: New Insights from Established Animal Models Am. J. Pathol., October 1, 2005; 167(4): 923 - 925. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Sun, T. Koike, T. Ichikawa, K. Hatakeyama, M. Shiomi, B. Zhang, S. Kitajima, M. Morimoto, T. Watanabe, Y. Asada, et al. C-Reactive Protein in Atherosclerotic Lesions: Its Origin and Pathophysiological Significance Am. J. Pathol., October 1, 2005; 167(4): 1139 - 1148. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
U. Singh, S. Devaraj, and I. Jialal C-Reactive Protein Decreases Tissue Plasminogen Activator Activity in Human Aortic Endothelial Cells: Evidence that C-Reactive Protein Is a Procoagulant Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., October 1, 2005; 25(10): 2216 - 2221. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. T.H. Yeh A New Perspective on the Biology of C-Reactive Protein Circ. Res., September 30, 2005; 97(7): 609 - 611. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. B. Schwedler, K. Amann, K. Wernicke, A. Krebs, M. Nauck, C. Wanner, L. A. Potempa, and J. Galle Native C-Reactive Protein Increases Whereas Modified C-Reactive Protein Reduces Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E-Knockout Mice Circulation, August 16, 2005; 112(7): 1016 - 1023. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Trion, M.P.M. de Maat, J.W. Jukema, A. van der Laarse, M.C. Maas, E.H. Offerman, L.M. Havekes, A.J. Szalai, H.M.G. Princen, and J.J. Emeis No Effect of C-Reactive Protein on Early Atherosclerosis Development in Apolipoprotein E*3-Leiden/Human C-Reactive Protein Transgenic Mice Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., August 1, 2005; 25(8): 1635 - 1640. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Inoue, T. Kato, T. Uchida, M. Sakuma, A. Nakajima, M. Shibazaki, Y. Imoto, M. Saito, S. Hashimoto, Y. Hikichi, et al. Local Release of C-Reactive Protein From Vulnerable Plaque or Coronary Arterial Wall Injured by Stenting J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 19, 2005; 46(2): 239 - 245. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y Sato, K Hatakeyama, A Yamashita, K Marutsuka, A Sumiyoshi, and Y Asada Proportion of fibrin and platelets differs in thrombi on ruptured and eroded coronary atherosclerotic plaques in humans Heart, April 1, 2005; 91(4): 526 - 530. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. van Tits, J. de Graaf, H. Toenhake, W. van Heerde, and A. Stalenhoef C-Reactive Protein and Annexin A5 Bind to Distinct Sites of Negatively Charged Phospholipids Present in Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., April 1, 2005; 25(4): 717 - 722. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. K. Venugopal, S. Devaraj, and I. Jialal Macrophage Conditioned Medium Induces the Expression of C-Reactive Protein in Human Aortic Endothelial Cells: Potential for Paracrine/Autocrine Effects Am. J. Pathol., April 1, 2005; 166(4): 1265 - 1271. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Maier, L. A. Altwegg, R. Corti, S. Gay, M. Hersberger, F. E. Maly, G. Sutsch, M. Roffi, M. Neidhart, F. R. Eberli, et al. Inflammatory Markers at the Site of Ruptured Plaque in Acute Myocardial Infarction: Locally Increased Interleukin-6 and Serum Amyloid A but Decreased C-Reactive Protein Circulation, March 22, 2005; 111(11): 1355 - 1361. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. C. Register, J. A. Cann, J. R. Kaplan, J. K. Williams, M. R. Adams, T. M. Morgan, M. S. Anthony, R. M. Blair, J. D. Wagner, and T. B. Clarkson Effects of Soy Isoflavones and Conjugated Equine Estrogens on Inflammatory Markers in Atherosclerotic, Ovariectomized Monkeys J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 2005; 90(3): 1734 - 1740. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. J. Chang and R. C. Harris Are All COX-2 Inhibitors Created Equal? Hypertension, February 1, 2005; 45(2): 178 - 180. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Ivashchenko, F. Kramer, S. Schafer, A. Bucher, K. Veit, V. Hombach, A. Busch, O. Ritzeler, J. Dedio, and J. Torzewski Protein Kinase C Pathway Is Involved in Transcriptional Regulation of C-Reactive Protein Synthesis in Human Hepatocytes Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., January 1, 2005; 25(1): 186 - 192. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Blaschke, D. Bruemmer, F. Yin, Y. Takata, W. Wang, M. C. Fishbein, T. Okura, J. Higaki, K. Graf, E. Fleck, et al. C-Reactive Protein Induces Apoptosis in Human Coronary Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Circulation, August 3, 2004; 110(5): 579 - 587. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. ALHO, P. SILLANAUKEE, A. KALELA, O. JAAKKOLA, S. LAINE, and S. T. NIKKARI ALCOHOL MISUSE INCREASES SERUM ANTIBODIES TO OXIDIZED LDL AND C-REACTIVE PROTEIN Alcohol Alcohol., July 1, 2004; 39(4): 312 - 315. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Jialal, S. Devaraj, and S. K. Venugopal C-Reactive Protein: Risk Marker or Mediator in Atherothrombosis? Hypertension, July 1, 2004; 44(1): 6 - 11. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S.-H. Li, P. E. Szmitko, R. D. Weisel, C.-H. Wang, P. W.M. Fedak, R.-K. Li, D. A.G. Mickle, and S. Verma C-Reactive Protein Upregulates Complement-Inhibitory Factors in Endothelial Cells Circulation, February 24, 2004; 109(7): 833 - 836. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Paul, K. W.S. Ko, L. Li, V. Yechoor, M. A. McCrory, A. J. Szalai, and L. Chan C-Reactive Protein Accelerates the Progression of Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice Circulation, February 10, 2004; 109(5): 647 - 655. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. N. Williams, C. X. Zhang, B. A. Game, L. He, and Y. Huang C-Reactive Protein Stimulates MMP-1 Expression in U937 Histiocytes Through Fc{gamma}RII and Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Pathway:: An Implication of CRP Involvement in Plaque Destabilization Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., January 1, 2004; 24(1): 61 - 66. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G Vaudo, S Marchesi, R Gerli, R Allegrucci, A Giordano, D Siepi, M Pirro, Y Shoenfeld, G Schillaci, and E Mannarino Endothelial dysfunction in young patients with rheumatoid arthritis and low disease activity Ann Rheum Dis, January 1, 2004; 63(1): 31 - 35. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G.M. Hirschfield and M.B. Pepys C-reactive protein and cardiovascular disease: new insights from an old molecule QJM, November 1, 2003; 96(11): 793 - 807. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. J. Blake and P. M. Ridker C-reactive protein: a surrogate risk marker or mediator of atherothrombosis? Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, November 1, 2003; 285(5): R1250 - R1252. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Calabro, J. T. Willerson, and E. T.H. Yeh Inflammatory Cytokines Stimulated C-Reactive Protein Production by Human Coronary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells Circulation, October 21, 2003; 108(16): 1930 - 1932. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. J. Jabs, E. Theissing, M. Nitschke, J.F. M. Bechtel, M. Duchrow, S. Mohamed, B. Jahrbeck, H.-H. Sievers, J. Steinhoff, and C. Bartels Local Generation of C-Reactive Protein in Diseased Coronary Artery Venous Bypass Grafts and Normal Vascular Tissue Circulation, September 23, 2003; 108(12): 1428 - 1431. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. R. Turk, J. A. Carroll, M. H. Laughlin, T. R. Thomas, J. Casati, D. K. Bowles, and M. Sturek C-reactive protein correlates with macrophage accumulation in coronary arteries of hypercholesterolemic pigs J Appl Physiol, September 1, 2003; 95(3): 1301 - 1304. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Kobayashi, N. Inoue, Y. Ohashi, M. Terashima, K. Matsui, T. Mori, H. Fujita, K. Awano, K. Kobayashi, H. Azumi, et al. Interaction of Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response in Coronary Plaque Instability: Important Role of C-Reactive Protein Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., August 1, 2003; 23(8): 1398 - 1404. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Oksjoki, H. Jarva, P. T. Kovanen, P. Laine, S. Meri, and M. O. Pentikainen Association Between Complement Factor H and Proteoglycans in Early Human Coronary Atherosclerotic Lesions: Implications for Local Regulation of Complement Activation Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., April 1, 2003; 23(4): 630 - 636. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Vainas, T. Lubbers, F. R.M. Stassen, S. B. Herngreen, M. P. van Dieijen-Visser, C. A. Bruggeman, P. J.E.H.M. Kitslaar, and G. W. H. Schurink Serum C-Reactive Protein Level Is Associated With Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Size and May Be Produced by Aneurysmal Tissue Circulation, March 4, 2003; 107(8): 1103 - 1105. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. J. Blake and P. M. Ridker C-reactive protein and other inflammatory risk markers in acute coronary syndromes J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., February 19, 2003; 41(4_Suppl_S): 37S - 42S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. A. Zimmerman, C. H. Selzman, C. Cothren, A. C. Sorensen, C. D. Raeburn, and A. H. Harken Diagnostic Implications of C-Reactive Protein Arch Surg, February 1, 2003; 138(2): 220 - 224. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Chenevard, D. Hurlimann, M. Bechir, F. Enseleit, L. Spieker, M. Hermann, W. Riesen, S. Gay, R. E. Gay, M. Neidhart, et al. Selective COX-2 Inhibition Improves Endothelial Function in Coronary Artery Disease Circulation, January 28, 2003; 107(3): 405 - 409. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. L. Bhatt, E. J. Topol, I. Kushner, and A. Sehgal The Arterial Inflammation Hypothesis Arch Intern Med, October 28, 2002; 162(19): 2249 - 2251. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. C. Mason, Z. Ahmed, R. Mankoff, E. A. Lidington, S. Ahmad, V. Bhatia, A. Kinderlerer, A. M. Randi, and D. O. Haskard Statin-Induced Expression of Decay-Accelerating Factor Protects Vascular Endothelium Against Complement-Mediated Injury Circ. Res., October 18, 2002; 91(8): 696 - 703. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Nakashima, Z. Qian, S. Rahimi, B. A. Wasowska, and W. M. Baldwin III Membrane Attack Complex Contributes to Destruction of Vascular Integrity in Acute Lung Allograft Rejection J. Immunol., October 15, 2002; 169(8): 4620 - 4627. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. J. Blake and P. M. Ridker C-Reactive Protein, Subclinical Atherosclerosis, and Risk of Cardiovascular Events Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., October 1, 2002; 22(10): 1512 - 1513. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. L. McGeer and E. G. McGeer Innate Immunity, Local Inflammation, and Degenerative Disease Sci. Aging Knowl. Environ., July 24, 2002; 2002(29): re3 - 3. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. L. Bhatt and E. J. Topol Need to Test the Arterial Inflammation Hypothesis Circulation, July 2, 2002; 106(1): 136 - 140. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Buono, C. E. Come, J. L. Witztum, G. F. Maguire, P. W. Connelly, M. Carroll, and A. H. Lichtman Influence of C3 Deficiency on Atherosclerosis Circulation, June 25, 2002; 105(25): 3025 - 3031. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. G. Burnakis, M. Fleming, M. A. Konstam, L. A. Demopoulos, K. D. Grant, E. J. Haldey, M. Pappagallo, M. Minic, P. L. McGeer, E. G. McGeer, et al. Cardiovascular Events and COX-2 Inhibitors JAMA, December 12, 2001; 286(22): 2808 - 2813. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. J. Blake and P. M. Ridker Novel Clinical Markers of Vascular Wall Inflammation Circ. Res., October 26, 2001; 89(9): 763 - 771. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Yasojima, C. Schwab, E. G. McGeer, and P. L. McGeer Complement Components, but Not Complement Inhibitors, Are Upregulated in Atherosclerotic Plaques Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., July 1, 2001; 21(7): 1214 - 1219. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. C. Mason, E. A. Lidington, S. R. Ahmad, and D. O. Haskard bFGF and VEGF synergistically enhance endothelial cytoprotection via decay-accelerating factor induction Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, March 1, 2002; 282(3): C578 - C587. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. K. Koh, W. H. Schenke, M. A. Waclawiw, G. Csako, and R. O. Cannon III Statin Attenuates Increase in C-Reactive Protein During Estrogen Replacement Therapy in Postmenopausal Women Circulation, April 2, 2002; 105(13): 1531 - 1533. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. P. Burke, R. P. Tracy, F. Kolodgie, G. T. Malcom, A. Zieske, R. Kutys, J. Pestaner, J. Smialek, and R. Virmani Elevated C-Reactive Protein Values and Atherosclerosis in Sudden Coronary Death: Association With Different Pathologies Circulation, April 30, 2002; 105(17): 2019 - 2023. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
