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From the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory
Medicine,
Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ann
Arbor; and the Department of Pathology,*
University of
Michigan Hospitals, Ann Arbor, Michigan
Transcript expression of 24 chemokines (CKs) was examined
throughout 8 days in mouse lungs with type-1 (Th1) or type-2 (Th2)
cytokine-mediated granulomas induced by bead-immobilized mycobacterial
purified protein derivative or Schistosoma mansoni egg
antigens. Where possible, CK protein levels were also measured.
In addition, we examined effects of in vivo
cytokine depletions. Findings were as follows: 1) bead challenge
induced increases in 18 of 24 CK transcripts with type-1 and type-2
responses displaying different patterns. CKs fell into four categories:
a) type-1-dominant (
-interferon-inducible protein (IP-10),
monokine induced by INF-
(MIG), macrophage inflammatory
protein-2 (MIP-2), lipopolysaccharide-induced chemokine
(LIX), rodent growth-related oncogene homologue (KP),
macrophage inflammatory protein-1
(MIP-1
) and -1ß
(MIP-1ß), lymphotactin), b) type-2-dominant
(eotaxin, monocyte chemotactic protein-2 (MCP-2) and -3
(MCP-3), liver and activation-regulated chemokine
(LARC), T cell activation protein-3 (TCA-3), c) type-1
and type-2 co-dominant (MCP-1, MCP-5,
monocyte-derived chemokine (MDC), thymus and
activation-related chemokine (TARC), C10), and d)
constitutive (lungkine, secondary lymphoid-tissue chemokine
(SLC), EBI1-ligand chemokine (ELC),
fractalkine, macrophage inflammatory protein-1
(MIP1-
), and stromal cell derived factor-1
(SDF1-
). 2)
CKs displayed characteristic temporal patterns. CXC (IP-10,
MIG, MIP-2, LIX, KC) and certain CC
(MCP-1, MCP-5, MIP-1
, MIP-1ß) CKs were
produced maximally within 1 to 2 days. Others (MCP-2,
MCP-3, eotaxin, lymphotactin, LARC,
TCA-3) displayed peak expression later. 3) Interferon-
neutralization profoundly abrogated MIG, but had little effect
on other CKs. Tumor necrosis factor-
neutralization caused up to
50% reduction in a range of CKs. These findings indicate that type-1
and type-2 granulomas display characteristic CK profiles with
coordinated expression that is under cytokine-mediated
regulation.
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