| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
Regular Articles |
/ß-Producing Cells) Accumulate in Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Lesions
From the Laboratory for Immunohistochemistry and Immunopathology, Institute and Department of Pathology, University of Oslo, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
Plasmacytoid dendritic cell (P-DC) precursors in peripheral blood
produce large amounts of interferon (IFN)-
/ß when triggered by
viruses. However, when incubated with interleukin-3 and CD40
ligand, the same precursors differentiate into mature DCs that
stimulate naïve CD4+ T cells to produce Th2
cytokines. We recently reported that P-DCs accumulate in nasal mucosa
of experimentally induced allergic rhinitis, supporting a role
for this DC subset in Th2-dominated inflammation. Here we examined
whether P-DCs accumulate in cutaneous lesions of lupus erythematosus
(LE), a disorder associated with increased IFN-/ß
production. Our results showed that P-DCs were present in 14 out of 15
tissue specimens of cutaneous LE lesions, but not in normal
skin. Importantly, the density of P-DCs in affected skin
correlated well (rs = 0.79,P < 0.0005) with the high number of cells
expressing the IFN-/ß-inducible protein MxA, suggesting
that P-DCs produce IFN-/ß locally. Accumulation of P-DCs coincided
also with the expression of L-selectin ligand peripheral
lymph node addressin on dermal vascular endothelium, adding
further support to the notion that these adhesion molecules are
important in P-DC extravasation to peripheral tissue sites.
Together, our findings suggested that P-DCs are an important
source of IFN-/ß in cutaneous LE lesions and may therefore be of
pathogenic importance.
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  G. Pappas, A. Granito, F. B. Bianchi, M. Mohty, D. A. Isenberg, and A. Rahman Systemic lupus erythematosus. N. Engl. J. Med., May 29, 2008; 358(22): 2412 - 2413. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Y. Lee, J. S. Weinstein, D. C. Nacionales, P. O. Scumpia, Y. Li, E. Butfiloski, N. van Rooijen, L. Moldawer, M. Satoh, and W. H. Reeves A Novel Type I IFN-Producing Cell Subset in Murine Lupus J. Immunol., April 1, 2008; 180(7): 5101 - 5108. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Shin, T. Toy, S. Rothenfusser, N. Robson, J. Vorac, M. Dauer, M. Stuplich, S. Endres, J. Cebon, E. Maraskovsky, et al. P2Y receptor signaling regulates phenotype and IFN-{alpha} secretion of human plasmacytoid dendritic cells Blood, March 15, 2008; 111(6): 3062 - 3069. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Iparraguirre, J. W. Tobias, S. E. Hensley, K. S. Masek, L. L. Cavanagh, M. Rendl, C. A. Hunter, H. C. Ertl, Ulrich. H. von Andrian, and W. Weninger Two distinct activation states of plasmacytoid dendritic cells induced by influenza virus and CpG 1826 oligonucleotide J. Leukoc. Biol., March 1, 2008; 83(3): 610 - 620. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E Reefman, H Kuiper, P C Limburg, C G M Kallenberg, and M Bijl Type I interferons are involved in the development of ultraviolet B-induced inflammatory skin lesions in systemic lupus erythaematosus patients Ann Rheum Dis, January 1, 2008; 67(1): 11 - 18. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Scheler, J. Wenzel, T. Tuting, O. Takikawa, T. Bieber, and D. von Bubnoff Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO): The Antagonist of Type I Interferon-Driven Skin Inflammation? Am. J. Pathol., December 1, 2007; 171(6): 1936 - 1943. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T C T M van der Pouw Kraan, C A Wijbrandts, L G M van Baarsen, A E Voskuyl, F Rustenburg, J M Baggen, S M Ibrahim, M Fero, B A C Dijkmans, P P Tak, et al. Rheumatoid arthritis subtypes identified by genomic profiling of peripheral blood cells: assignment of a type I interferon signature in a subpopulation of patients Ann Rheum Dis, August 1, 2007; 66(8): 1008 - 1014. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. O. Kvale, Y. Floisand, F. Lund-Johansen, H. Rollag, L. Farkas, S. Ghanekar, P. Brandtzaeg, F. L. Jahnsen, and J. Olweus Plasmacytoid DCs regulate recall responses by rapid induction of IL-10 in memory T cells Blood, April 15, 2007; 109(8): 3369 - 3376. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. D. MILLER, E. J. MCMAHON, B. SCHREINER, and S. L. BAILEY Antigen Presentation in the CNS by Myeloid Dendritic Cells Drives Progression of Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., April 1, 2007; 1103(1): 179 - 191. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Gattorno, L. Chicha, A. Gregorio, F. Ferlito, F. Rossi, D. Jarrossay, A. Lanzavecchia, A. Martini, and M. G. Manz Distinct expression pattern of IFN-{alpha} and TNF-{alpha} in juvenile idiopathic arthritis synovial tissue Rheumatology, April 1, 2007; 46(4): 657 - 665. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Niessner, K. Sato, E. L. Chaikof, I. Colmegna, J. J. Goronzy, and C. M. Weyand Pathogen-Sensing Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Stimulate Cytotoxic T-Cell Function in the Atherosclerotic Plaque Through Interferon-{alpha} Circulation, December 5, 2006; 114(23): 2482 - 2489. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. D. Chiesa, C. Romagnani, A. Thiel, L. Moretta, and A. Moretta Multidirectional interactions are bridging human NK cells with plasmacytoid and monocyte-derived dendritic cells during innate immune responses Blood, December 1, 2006; 108(12): 3851 - 3858. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. F. Porter, A. Ambrus, and R. W. Storts Immunohistochemical evaluation of mx protein expression in canine encephalitides. Vet. Pathol., November 1, 2006; 43(6): 981 - 987. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Hartmann, H. Graefe, A. Hopert, R. Pries, S. Rothenfusser, H. Poeck, B. Mack, S. Endres, G. Hartmann, and B. Wollenberg Analysis of Plasmacytoid and Myeloid Dendritic Cells in Nasal Epithelium Clin. Vaccine Immunol., November 1, 2006; 13(11): 1278 - 1286. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Berghofer, T. Frommer, G. Haley, L. Fink, G. Bein, and H. Hackstein TLR7 Ligands Induce Higher IFN-{alpha} Production in Females J. Immunol., August 15, 2006; 177(4): 2088 - 2096. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Benitez-Ribas, G. J. Adema, G. Winkels, I. S. Klasen, C. J.A. Punt, C. G. Figdor, and I. J. M. de Vries Plasmacytoid dendritic cells of melanoma patients present exogenous proteins to CD4+ T cells after Fc{gamma}RII-mediated uptake J. Exp. Med., July 10, 2006; 203(7): 1629 - 1635. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. C. Nacionales, K. M. Kelly, P. Y. Lee, H. Zhuang, Y. Li, J. S. Weinstein, E. Sobel, Y. Kuroda, J. Akaogi, M. Satoh, et al. Type I Interferon Production by Tertiary Lymphoid Tissue Developing in Response to 2,6,10,14-Tetramethyl-Pentadecane (Pristane) Am. J. Pathol., April 1, 2006; 168(4): 1227 - 1240. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J.-E. Gottenberg, N. Cagnard, C. Lucchesi, F. Letourneur, S. Mistou, T. Lazure, S. Jacques, N. Ba, M. Ittah, C. Lepajolec, et al. Activation of IFN pathways and plasmacytoid dendritic cell recruitment in target organs of primary Sjogren's syndrome PNAS, February 21, 2006; 103(8): 2770 - 2775. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Chaperot, A. Blum, O. Manches, G. Lui, J. Angel, J.-P. Molens, and J. Plumas Virus or TLR Agonists Induce TRAIL-Mediated Cytotoxic Activity of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells J. Immunol., January 1, 2006; 176(1): 248 - 255. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. J. Barrat, T. Meeker, J. Gregorio, J. H. Chan, S. Uematsu, S. Akira, B. Chang, O. Duramad, and R. L. Coffman Nucleic acids of mammalian origin can act as endogenous ligands for Toll-like receptors and may promote systemic lupus erythematosus J. Exp. Med., October 17, 2005; 202(8): 1131 - 1139. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Fuchs, M. Cella, T. Kondo, and M. Colonna Paradoxic inhibition of human natural interferon-producing cells by the activating receptor NKp44 Blood, September 15, 2005; 106(6): 2076 - 2082. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. G. Diacovo, A. L. Blasius, T. W. Mak, M. Cella, and M. Colonna Adhesive mechanisms governing interferon-producing cell recruitment into lymph nodes J. Exp. Med., September 6, 2005; 202(5): 687 - 696. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Smed-Sorensen, K. Lore, J. Vasudevan, M. K. Louder, J. Andersson, J. R. Mascola, A.-L. Spetz, and R. A. Koup Differential Susceptibility to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection of Myeloid and Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells J. Virol., July 15, 2005; 79(14): 8861 - 8869. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. O. Nestle, C. Conrad, A. Tun-Kyi, B. Homey, M. Gombert, O. Boyman, G. Burg, Y.-J. Liu, and M. Gilliet Plasmacytoid predendritic cells initiate psoriasis through interferon-{alpha} production J. Exp. Med., July 5, 2005; 202(1): 135 - 143. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. TUCCI, N. CALVANI, H. B. RICHARDS, C. QUATRARO, and F. SILVESTRIS The Interplay of Chemokines and Dendritic Cells in the Pathogenesis of Lupus Nephritis Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., June 1, 2005; 1051(1): 421 - 432. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Harii, C. J. Lewis, V. Vasko, K. McCall, U. Benavides-Peralta, X. Sun, M. D. Ringel, M. Saji, C. Giuliani, G. Napolitano, et al. Thyrocytes Express a Functional Toll-Like Receptor 3: Overexpression Can Be Induced by Viral Infection and Reversed by Phenylmethimazole and Is Associated with Hashimoto's Autoimmune Thyroiditis Mol. Endocrinol., May 1, 2005; 19(5): 1231 - 1250. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. B. Bekeredjian-Ding, M. Wagner, V. Hornung, T. Giese, M. Schnurr, S. Endres, and G. Hartmann Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Control TLR7 Sensitivity of Naive B Cells via Type I IFN J. Immunol., April 1, 2005; 174(7): 4043 - 4050. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G.-X. Yang, Z.-X. Lian, K. Kikuchi, Y.-J. Liu, A. A. Ansari, S. Ikehara, and M. E. Gershwin CD4- Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells (pDCs) Migrate in Lymph Nodes by CpG Inoculation and Represent a Potent Functional Subset of pDCs J. Immunol., March 15, 2005; 174(6): 3197 - 3203. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Mathian, A. Weinberg, M. Gallegos, J. Banchereau, and S. Koutouzov IFN-{alpha} Induces Early Lethal Lupus in Preautoimmune (New Zealand Black x New Zealand White)F1 but Not in BALB/c Mice J. Immunol., March 1, 2005; 174(5): 2499 - 2506. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Hashizume, T. Horibe, H. Yagi, N. Seo, and M. Takigawa Compartmental Imbalance and Aberrant Immune Function of Blood CD123+ (Plasmacytoid) and CD11c+ (Myeloid) Dendritic Cells in Atopic Dermatitis J. Immunol., February 15, 2005; 174(4): 2396 - 2403. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. McKenna, A.-S. Beignon, and N. Bhardwaj Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells: Linking Innate and Adaptive Immunity J. Virol., January 1, 2005; 79(1): 17 - 27. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Kohrgruber, M. Groger, P. Meraner, E. Kriehuber, P. Petzelbauer, S. Brandt, G. Stingl, A. Rot, and D. Maurer Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Recruitment by Immobilized CXCR3 Ligands J. Immunol., December 1, 2004; 173(11): 6592 - 6602. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. Treilleux, J.-Y. Blay, N. Bendriss-Vermare, I. Ray-Coquard, T. Bachelot, J.-P. Guastalla, A. Bremond, S. Goddard, J.-J. Pin, C. Barthelemy-Dubois, et al. Dendritic Cell Infiltration and Prognosis of Early Stage Breast Cancer Clin. Cancer Res., November 15, 2004; 10(22): 7466 - 7474. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Z.-X. Lian, K. Kikuchi, G.-X. Yang, A. A. Ansari, S. Ikehara, and M. E. Gershwin Expansion of Bone Marrow IFN-{alpha}-Producing Dendritic Cells in New Zealand Black (NZB) Mice: High Level Expression of TLR9 and Secretion of IFN-{alpha} in NZB Bone Marrow J. Immunol., October 15, 2004; 173(8): 5283 - 5289. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Nagy, M. Barcza, N. Gonchoroff, P. E. Phillips, and A. Perl Nitric Oxide-Dependent Mitochondrial Biogenesis Generates Ca2+ Signaling Profile of Lupus T Cells J. Immunol., September 15, 2004; 173(6): 3676 - 3683. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Lande, E. Giacomini, B. Serafini, B. Rosicarelli, G. D. Sebastiani, G. Minisola, U. Tarantino, V. Riccieri, G. Valesini, and E. M. Coccia Characterization and Recruitment of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Synovial Fluid and Tissue of Patients with Chronic Inflammatory Arthritis J. Immunol., August 15, 2004; 173(4): 2815 - 2824. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Blasius, W. Vermi, A. Krug, F. Facchetti, M. Cella, and M. Colonna A cell-surface molecule selectively expressed on murine natural interferon-producing cells that blocks secretion of interferon-alpha Blood, June 1, 2004; 103(11): 4201 - 4206. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.-F. Fonteneau, M. Larsson, A.-S. Beignon, K. McKenna, I. Dasilva, A. Amara, Y.-J. Liu, J. D. Lifson, D. R. Littman, and N. Bhardwaj Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Activates Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells and Concomitantly Induces the Bystander Maturation of Myeloid Dendritic Cells J. Virol., May 15, 2004; 78(10): 5223 - 5232. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K N Schmidt and W Ouyang Targeting interferon-{alpha}: a promising approach for systemic lupus erythematosus therapy Lupus, May 1, 2004; 13(5): 348 - 352. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R J Looney, J Anolik, and I Sanz B lymphocytes in systemic lupus erythematosus: lessons from therapy targeting B cells Lupus, May 1, 2004; 13(5): 381 - 390. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. H. Van Krinks, M. K. Matyszak, and J. S. Hill Gaston Characterization of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in inflammatory arthritis synovial fluid Rheumatology, April 1, 2004; 43(4): 453 - 460. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Schnurr, T. Toy, A. Shin, G. Hartmann, S. Rothenfusser, J. Soellner, I. D. Davis, J. Cebon, and E. Maraskovsky Role of adenosine receptors in regulating chemotaxis and cytokine production of plasmacytoid dendritic cells Blood, February 15, 2004; 103(4): 1391 - 1397. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. L. Jahnsen, E. Gran, R. Haye, and P. Brandtzaeg Human Nasal Mucosa Contains Antigen-Presenting Cells of Strikingly Different Functional Phenotypes Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., January 1, 2004; 30(1): 31 - 37. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Asselin-Paturel, G. Brizard, J.-J. Pin, F. Briere, and G. Trinchieri Mouse Strain Differences in Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Frequency and Function Revealed by a Novel Monoclonal Antibody J. Immunol., December 15, 2003; 171(12): 6466 - 6477. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. K. Palucka, J. Gatlin, J. P. Blanck, M. W. Melkus, S. Clayton, H. Ueno, E. T. Kraus, P. Cravens, L. Bennett, A. Padgett-Thomas, et al. Human dendritic cell subsets in NOD/SCID mice engrafted with CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors Blood, November 1, 2003; 102(9): 3302 - 3310. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Hartmann, B. Wollenberg, S. Rothenfusser, M. Wagner, D. Wellisch, B. Mack, T. Giese, O. Gires, S. Endres, and G. Hartmann Identification and Functional Analysis of Tumor-Infiltrating Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Head and Neck Cancer Cancer Res., October 1, 2003; 63(19): 6478 - 6487. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Vanbervliet, N. Bendriss-Vermare, C. Massacrier, B. Homey, O. de Bouteiller, F. Briere, G. Trinchieri, and C. Caux The Inducible CXCR3 Ligands Control Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Responsiveness to the Constitutive Chemokine Stromal Cell-derived Factor 1 (SDF-1)/CXCL12 J. Exp. Med., September 2, 2003; 198(5): 823 - 830. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. S. Baekkevold, M. Roussigne, T. Yamanaka, F.-E. Johansen, F. L. Jahnsen, F. Amalric, P. Brandtzaeg, M. Erard, G. Haraldsen, and J.-P. Girard Molecular Characterization of NF-HEV, a Nuclear Factor Preferentially Expressed in Human High Endothelial Venules Am. J. Pathol., July 1, 2003; 163(1): 69 - 79. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Hackstein, T. Taner, A. F. Zahorchak, A. E. Morelli, A. J. Logar, A. Gessner, and A. W. Thomson Rapamycin inhibits IL-4--induced dendritic cell maturation in vitro and dendritic cell mobilization and function in vivo Blood, June 1, 2003; 101(11): 4457 - 4463. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. de la Rosa, N. Longo, J. L. Rodriguez-Fernandez, A. Puig-Kroger, A. Pineda, A. L. Corbi, and P. Sanchez-Mateos Migration of human blood dendritic cells across endothelial cell monolayers: adhesion molecules and chemokines involved in subset-specific transmigration J. Leukoc. Biol., May 1, 2003; 73(5): 639 - 649. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.-F. Fonteneau, M. Gilliet, M. Larsson, I. Dasilva, C. Munz, Y.-J. Liu, and N. Bhardwaj Activation of influenza virus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells: a new role for plasmacytoid dendritic cells in adaptive immunity Blood, May 1, 2003; 101(9): 3520 - 3526. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Z. Banki, L. Kacani, B. Mullauer, D. Wilflingseder, G. Obermoser, H. Niederegger, H. Schennach, G. M. Sprinzl, N. Sepp, A. Erdei, et al. Cross-Linking of CD32 Induces Maturation of Human Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells Via NF-{kappa}B Signaling Pathway J. Immunol., April 15, 2003; 170(8): 3963 - 3970. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. A. Hardin Directing Autoimmunity to Nucleoprotein Particles: The Impact of Dendritic Cells and Interferon {alpha} in Lupus J. Exp. Med., March 17, 2003; 197(6): 681 - 685. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Bennett, A. K. Palucka, E. Arce, V. Cantrell, J. Borvak, J. Banchereau, and V. Pascual Interferon and Granulopoiesis Signatures in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Blood J. Exp. Med., March 17, 2003; 197(6): 711 - 723. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M Shodell, K Shah, and F P Siegal Circulating human plasmacytoid dendritic cells are highly sensitive to corticosteroid administration Lupus, March 1, 2003; 12(3): 222 - 230. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Brawand, D. R. Fitzpatrick, B. W. Greenfield, K. Brasel, C. R. Maliszewski, and T. De Smedt Murine Plasmacytoid Pre-Dendritic Cells Generated from Flt3 Ligand-Supplemented Bone Marrow Cultures Are Immature APCs J. Immunol., December 15, 2002; 169(12): 6711 - 6719. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Ronnblom and G. V. Alm A Pivotal Role for the Natural Interferon {alpha}-producing Cells (Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells) in the Pathogenesis of Lupus J. Exp. Med., December 17, 2001; 194(12): F59 - F64. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Dzionek, Y. Sohma, J. Nagafune, M. Cella, M. Colonna, F. Facchetti, G. Gunther, I. Johnston, A. Lanzavecchia, T. Nagasaka, et al. BDCA-2, a Novel Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell-specific Type II C-type Lectin, Mediates Antigen Capture and Is a Potent Inhibitor of Interferon {alpha}/{beta} Induction J. Exp. Med., December 17, 2001; 194(12): 1823 - 1834. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Bjorck Isolation and characterization of plasmacytoid dendritic cells from Flt3 ligand and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-treated mice Blood, December 15, 2001; 98(13): 3520 - 3526. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Blanco, A. K. Palucka, M. Gill, V. Pascual, and J. Banchereau Induction of Dendritic Cell Differentiation by IFN-alpha in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Science, November 16, 2001; 294(5546): 1540 - 1543. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
