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From the Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; and the Houston Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in American
men and the second leading cause of cancer deaths in this group. We
have found that interleukin (IL)-6 protein concentrations are increased
18-fold in clinically localized prostate cancers when compared to
normal prostate tissue. Normal and neoplastic prostatic epithelial
cells in culture, with the exception of LNCaP cells,
secrete IL-6. Addition of exogenous IL-6 to primary epithelial cells in
culture or the LNCaP prostate cancer cell line leads to phosphorylation
of Stat-3 and increases in net cell proliferation. The concentration of
IL-6 receptor is increased eightfold in the prostate cancer tissues and
is increased in the cancer cells by immunohistochemistry. The increased
expression of IL-6 receptor is correlated with increased proliferation
of prostate cancer cells in vivo as assessed by Ki67
immunohistochemistry. These findings strongly support the hypothesis
that IL-6 acts as a significant autocrine growth factor in
vivo for primary, androgen-dependent prostate
cancers.
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