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(American Journal of Pathology. 2002;160:1767-1778.)
© 2002 American Society for Investigative Pathology

Regular Articles

Carp, a Cardiac Ankyrin-Repeated Protein, and Its New Homologue, Arpp, Are Differentially Expressed in Heart, Skeletal Muscle, and Rhabdomyosarcomas

Naoko Ishiguro^*, Takeshi Baba^*, Tsuyoshi Ishida, Kengo Takeuchi, Mitsuhiko Osaki, Nobuhito Araki, Eikichi Okada^¶, Satsuki Takahashi^||, Masahiro Saito^||, Mari Watanabe, Chisato Nakada^*, Yoshiyuki Tsukamoto^*, Kenzo Sato^*, Kinji Ito^**, Masashi Fukayama, Shigeo Mori, Hisao Ito and Masatsugu Moriyama^*

From the Department of Molecular Biology^*and the First Department of Pathology,Tottori University, Yonago; the Department of Pathology,Faculty of Medicine and the Department of Pathology,Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo; the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka; the First Department of Pathology,^¶Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Toyama; the Department of Pathology,^||Hiraga General Hospital, Yokote-city, Akita; and the Second Department of Pathology,^**Toho University, Tokyo, Japan

Arpp, a protein containing an ankyrin repeat domain, PEST sequence, and proline-rich region, is a novel ankyrin-repeated protein highly homologous to Carp, which is proposed to be the putative genetic marker for cardiac hypertrophy. In this study, we comparatively analyzed expression of Arpp and Carp protein in skeletal and cardiac muscles and rhabdomyosarcomas (RMSs). In adult skeletal muscle, Arpp was preferentially expressed in the nucleus and cytoplasm of type I fibers, whereas Carp was barely detectable in skeletal muscle. On the other hand, in adult cardiac muscle, interestingly, Arpp was expressed in ventricles mostly, whereas Carp was expressed throughout the atrium and ventricle. Furthermore, although Carp was identified in fetal heart at 11 developmental weeks, Arpp was very low or undetectable in these fetal hearts. These results suggest that Arpp and Carp are differentially expressed and function in both skeletal and cardiac muscle of fetus and adult. We found that Arpp expression was induced during the differentiation of C2C12 cells in vitro, suggesting that Arpp-expression may be associated with the differentiation stage during myogenesis. Both Arpp and Carp were found to be expressed in all of the RMS cases studied. Because the expression patterns of Arpp in RMS were different from those of muscle actin or desmin, Arpp may be detectable in RMS cases that do not express other existing RMS markers.

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