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(American Journal of Pathology. 2003;162:69-80.)
© 2003 American Society for Investigative Pathology

Regular Articles

Fascin, an Actin-Bundling Protein, Modulates Colonic Epithelial Cell Invasiveness and Differentiation in Vitro

Aida U. Jawhari*, Andrea Buda{dagger}, Michelle Jenkins{dagger}, Khurram Shehzad{ddagger}, Catherine Sarraf{ddagger}, Masao Noda{ddagger}, Michael J. G. Farthing*, Massimo Pignatelli{dagger} and Josephine C. Adams§

From the Digestive Diseases Research Center,*St. Bartholomew’s and The Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London; the Department of Pathology and Microbiology,{dagger}Division of Histopathology, Bristol Royal Infirmary, University of Bristol, Bristol; the Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology§and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University College London, London; and the Division of Diagnostic and Investigative Science,{ddagger}Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom

In epithelial tissue, cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesive interactions have important roles in the normal organization and stabilization of the cell layer. The malignant conversion of epithelial cells involves alterations in the expression and function of these adhesion systems that enable a switch to a migratory phenotype in tumor invasion and metastasis. Fascin is an actin-crosslinking protein that is found in the core actin bundles of cell-surface spikes and projections that are implicated in cell motility. We demonstrate that fascin is not detectable in normal colonic epithelium, but is dramatically up-regulated in colorectal adenocarcinoma. To test the hypothesis that fascin could participate in tumor invasive behavior, we developed a cell culture model to examine the effect of fascin expression on the adhesive interactions, invasiveness, and differentiation of colonic epithelial cells. We report marked effects on the organization of cell-surface protrusions, actin cytoskeleton, and focal adhesions in the absence of alterations in the protein levels of the major components of these structures. These effects correlate with alterations in cell movements on two-dimensional matrix, and increased invasiveness in three-dimensional matrix. The cells also show increased proliferation and decreased capacity for normal glandular differentiation in collagen gels. We propose that up-regulation of fascin, by promoting the formation of protrusive, actin-based, cell-motility structures, could be a significant component in the acquisition of invasive phenotype in colonic carcinoma.




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