| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
From the Departments of Molecular Oncology* and Pathology, Genentech Incorporated, South San Francisco, California; and the Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
Angiogenesis is a key aspect of the dynamic changes occurring during the normal ovarian cycle. Hyperplasia and hypervascularity of the ovarian theca interna and stroma are also prominent features of the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a leading cause of infertility. Compelling evidence indicated that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key mediator of the cyclical corpus luteum angiogenesis. However, the nature of the factor(s) that mediate angiogenesis in PCOS is less clearly understood. Endocrine gland-derived (EG)-VEGF has been recently identified as an endothelial cell mitogen with selectivity for the endothelium of steroidogenic glands and is expressed in normal human ovaries. In the present study, we compared the expression of EG-VEGF and VEGF mRNA in a series of 13 human PCOS and 13 normal ovary specimens by in situ hybridization. EG-VEGF expression in normal ovaries is dynamic and generally complementary to VEGF expression in both follicles and corpora lutea. A particularly high expression of EG-VEGF was detected in the Leydig-like hilus cells found in the highly vascularized ovarian hilus. In PCOS ovaries, we found strong expression of EG-VEGF mRNA in theca interna and stroma in most of the specimens examined, thus spatially related to the new blood vessels. In contrast, VEGF mRNA expression was most consistently associated with the granulosa cell layer and sometimes the theca, but rarely with the stroma. These findings indicate that both EG-VEGF and VEGF are expressed in PCOS ovaries, but in different cell types at different stages of differentiation, thus suggesting complementary functions for the two factors in angiogenesis and possibly cyst formation.
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  F. C. Denison, S. Battersby, A. E. King, M. Szuber, and H. N. Jabbour Prokineticin-1: A Novel Mediator of the Inflammatory Response in Third-Trimester Human Placenta Endocrinology, July 1, 2008; 149(7): 3470 - 3477. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Korsisaari, J. Ross, X. Wu, M. Kowanetz, N. Pal, L. Hall, J. Eastham-Anderson, W. F. Forrest, N. Van Bruggen, F. V. Peale, et al. Blocking Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A Inhibits the Growth of Pituitary Adenomas and Lowers Serum Prolactin Level in a Mouse Model of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 Clin. Cancer Res., January 1, 2008; 14(1): 249 - 258. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Kisliouk, A. Friedman, E. Klipper, Q.-Y. Zhou, D. Schams, N. Alfaidy, and R. Meidan Expression Pattern of Prokineticin 1 and Its Receptors in Bovine Ovaries During the Estrous Cycle: Involvement in Corpus Luteum Regression and Follicular Atresia Biol Reprod, May 1, 2007; 76(5): 749 - 758. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Q.-Y. Zhou The Prokineticins: A NOVEL PAIR OF REGULATORY PEPTIDES Mol. Interv., December 1, 2006; 6(6): 330 - 338. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. S. W. Ngan, K. Y. Lee, W. S. B. Yeung, H. Y. S. Ngan, E. H. Y. Ng, and P. C. Ho Endocrine Gland-Derived Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Is Expressed in Human Peri-implantation Endometrium, But Not in Endometrial Carcinoma Endocrinology, January 1, 2006; 147(1): 88 - 95. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Kisliouk, H. Podlovni, K. Spanel-Borowski, O. Ovadia, Q.-Y. Zhou, and R. Meidan Prokineticins (Endocrine Gland-Derived Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and BV8) in the Bovine Ovary: Expression and Role as Mitogens and Survival Factors for Corpus Luteum-Derived Endothelial Cells Endocrinology, September 1, 2005; 146(9): 3950 - 3958. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Xu and R. L. Stouffer Local Delivery of Angiopoietin-2 into the Preovulatory Follicle Terminates the Menstrual Cycle in Rhesus Monkeys Biol Reprod, June 1, 2005; 72(6): 1352 - 1358. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Greenaway, P. A. Gentry, J.-J. Feige, J. LaMarre, and J. J. Petrik Thrombospondin and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Are Cyclically Expressed in an Inverse Pattern During Bovine Ovarian Follicle Development Biol Reprod, May 1, 2005; 72(5): 1071 - 1078. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. S. Nakhuda, R. C. Zimmermann, P. Bohlen, F. Liao, M. V. Sauer, and J. Kitajewski Inhibition of the Vascular Endothelial Cell (VE)-Specific Adhesion Molecule VE-Cadherin Blocks Gonadotropin-Dependent Folliculogenesis and Corpus Luteum Formation and Angiogenesis Endocrinology, March 1, 2005; 146(3): 1053 - 1059. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G D Perkins, J Roberts, D F McAuley, L Armstrong, A Millar, F Gao, and D R Thickett Regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor bioactivity in patients with acute lung injury Thorax, February 1, 2005; 60(2): 153 - 158. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. M. Fraser, J. Bell, H. Wilson, P. D. Taylor, K. Morgan, R. A. Anderson, and W. C. Duncan Localization and Quantification of Cyclic Changes in the Expression of Endocrine Gland Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in the Human Corpus Luteum J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., January 1, 2005; 90(1): 427 - 434. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Ferrara Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor: Basic Science and Clinical Progress Endocr. Rev., August 1, 2004; 25(4): 581 - 611. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Samson, F. V. Peale Jr., G. Frantz, N. Rioux-Leclercq, E. Rajpert-De Meyts, and N. Ferrara Human Endocrine Gland-Derived Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor: Expression Early in Development and in Leydig Cell Tumors Suggests Roles in Normal and Pathological Testis Angiogenesis J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., August 1, 2004; 89(8): 4078 - 4088. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Zippo, A. De Robertis, M. Bardelli, F. Galvagni, and S. Oliviero Identification of Flk-1 target genes in vasculogenesis: Pim-1 is required for endothelial and mural cell differentiation in vitro Blood, June 15, 2004; 103(12): 4536 - 4544. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G.-i. Kusakai, A. Suzuki, T. Ogura, S.'i. Miyamoto, A. Ochiai, M. Kaminishi, and H. Esumi ARK5 Expression in Colorectal Cancer and Its Implications for Tumor Progression Am. J. Pathol., March 1, 2004; 164(3): 987 - 995. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
