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From the Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
The carotid artery shows a common response to many forms of injury, including a rapid activation of smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation in the media and migration of SMCs into the intima to form a neointima. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is believed to play a role in this response to injury, but it has proven difficult to distinguish whether it is stimulating cell migration or cell proliferation, and whether the action is direct or indirect. To determine this, we created chimeric mice composed of both wild-type (WT) and marked PDGF receptor ß (PDGFRß)-deficient cells, and determined the consequences of PDGFRß expression for SMC participation in response to ligation of the left common carotid artery. The proportion of PDGFRß-/- SMCs increased 4.5-fold in the media and decreased 1.8-fold during formation of the neointima, consistent with migration of WT SMCs out of the media and into the intima, leaving the PDGFRß-/- cells behind. The fibrotic reaction in the adventitia, which does not involve cell migration, did not result in any change in relative abundance of WT and PDGFRß-deficient fibroblasts. We conclude that the most significant direct role of PDGFRß is to mediate responses that involve cell migration rather than proliferation.
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