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(American Journal of Pathology. 2003;163:2459-2476.)
© 2003 American Society for Investigative Pathology

Ontogenetic Transition in Fetal Wound Transforming Growth Factor-ß Regulation Correlates with Collagen Organization

Chia Soo*, Steven R. Beanes*, Fei-Ya Hu{dagger}, Xinli Zhang{ddagger}, Catherine Dang*, Grace Chang*, Yubert Wang{ddagger}, Ichiro Nishimura§, Earl Freymiller§, Michael T. Longaker, H.Peter Lorenz and Kang Ting{ddagger}

From the Department of Surgery,* University of California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Dentistry,{dagger} Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan; Section of Orthodontics, The Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute,{ddagger} University of California, Los Angeles, California; Weintraub Center,§ School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California; and the Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California

Fetal rat skin transitions from scarless fetal-type repair to adult-type repair with scar between day 16 (E16) and day 18 (E18) of gestation (term = 21.5 days). Deficient transforming growth factor (TGF)-ß1 and -ß2 injury response has been proposed as a mechanism for scarless fetal-type repair. However, previous fetal studies have inconsistently reported the degree of TGF-ß induction after injury. To minimize developmental variables in fetal versus adult TGF-ß regulation, we narrowed our study to wounded fetal animals. We hypothesize that TGF-ß ligand and receptor expression will be differentially regulated during the transition from early gestation (E16) wounds manifesting scarless fetal-type repair to late gestation (E19) wounds manifesting adult-type repair with scar. In this study, decreased and rapidly cleared TGF-ß1 and -ß2 expression accompanied by increased and prolonged TGF-ß3 levels in wounded E16 animals correlated with organized collagen deposition. In contrast, increased and prolonged TGF-ß1 and -ß2 expression accompanied by decreased and delayed TGF-ß3 expression in wounded E19 animals correlated with disorganized collagen architecture. Similarly, expression of TGF-ß receptors type I and II were also increased or prolonged in E19 animals. Our results implicate increased TGF-ß1, -ß2, and decreased TGF-ß3 expression, as well as increased type I and II receptor expression in late gestation fetal scar formation.




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T. A. Wilgus, V. K. Bergdall, K. L. Tober, K. J. Hill, S. Mitra, N. A. Flavahan, and T. M. Oberyszyn
The Impact of Cyclooxygenase-2 Mediated Inflammation on Scarless Fetal Wound Healing
Am. J. Pathol., September 1, 2004; 165(3): 753 - 761.
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