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(American Journal of Pathology. 2004;164:295-304.)
© 2004 American Society for Investigative Pathology

Chronic Inhaled Ovalbumin Exposure Induces Antigen-Dependent but Not Antigen-Specific Inhalational Tolerance in a Murine Model of Allergic Airway Disease

Craig M. Schramm*, Lynn Puddington{dagger}, Carol Wu{dagger}, Linda Guernsey{dagger}, Mehrnaz Gharaee-Kermani{ddagger}, Sem H. Phan§ and Roger S. Thrall{dagger}

From the Departments of Pediatrics* and Medicine,{dagger} Pulmonary Research Consortium, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut; the Department of Internal Medicine,{ddagger} University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and the Department of Pathology,§ University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan

Sensitized mice acutely challenged with inhaled ovalbumin (OVA) develop allergic airway inflammation, characterized by OVA-specific IgE production, airway eosinophilia, increased pulmonary B and T lymphocytes, and airway hyperreactivity. In this study, a chronic exposure model was developed and two distinct patterns of response were observed. Discontinuous inhalational exposure to OVA (6 weeks) produced airway inflammation and hyperreactivity that were similar to acute (10 days) responses. Continuous inhalational exposure to OVA (6 or 11 weeks) resulted in attenuation of airway eosinophilia and hyperresponsiveness without reduction of OVA-specific IgE and IgG1 levels. The inhibition of airway inflammation was dependent on continuous exposure to antigen, because continuously exposed mice with attenuated inflammatory responses redeveloped allergic airway disease if the OVA aerosols were interrupted and then restarted (11-week-discontinuous). Inhalational tolerance induced by continuous OVA exposure demonstrated bystander suppression of cockroach allergen-mediated airway eosinophilia. These findings may be attributed to changes in production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 during continuous OVA aerosol exposure. The symptomatic and asymptomatic allergic responses in human asthmatics could be explained by similar variable or discontinuous exposures to aeroantigens.




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