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From the Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
Bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis is characterized by inflammation, emergence of myofibroblasts, and deposition of extracellular matrix. In an attempt to identify genes that may be involved in fibrosis, we used a 10,000 element (10 K) rat cDNA microarray to analyze the lung gene expression profiles in this model in the rat. Cluster analysis showed 628 genes were more than or equal to twofold up- or down-regulated, many of which were known to be involved in fibrosis. However, the most dramatic increase was observed with FIZZ1 (found in inflammatory zone; also known as RELM-
or resistin-like molecule-), which was induced 17-fold to 
25-fold at the peak of expression. In situ hybridization analysis revealed FIZZ1 expression to localize primarily to alveolar and airway epithelium, which was confirmed in vitro by analysis of isolated type II alveolar epithelial cells. However FIZZ1 expression was not detected in isolated lung fibroblasts. Co-culture of FIZZ1-expressing type II cells with fibroblasts stimulated -smooth muscle actin and type I collagen expression independent of transforming growth factor-ß. Transfection of a FIZZ1-expressing plasmid into fibroblasts or treatment with glutathione S-transferase-FIZZ1 fusion protein stimulated -smooth muscle actin and collagen I production. These results suggest a novel role for FIZZ1 in myofibroblast differentiation in pulmonary fibrosis.
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