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(American Journal of Pathology. 2006;168:574-584.)
© 2006 American Society for Investigative Pathology

Clusterin Is a Secreted Marker for a Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-Independent Function of the von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein

Eijiro Nakamura*{dagger}, Paula Abreu-e-Lima{ddagger}, Yasuo Awakura§, Takahiro Inoue§, Toshiyuki Kamoto§, Osamu Ogawa§, Hirokazu Kotani, Toshiaki Manabe, Guo-Jun Zhang*, Keiichi Kondo*, Vania Nosé{ddagger} and William G. Kaelin, Jr*{dagger}

From the Department of Medical Oncology,* Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Howard Hughes Medical Institute{dagger} and the Department of Pathology,{ddagger} Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; the Department of Urology,§ Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; and the Laboratory of Anatomic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan

Germline mutations in the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene predispose people to renal cancer, hemangioblastomas, and pheochromocytomas in an allele-specific manner. The best documented function of the VHL gene product (pVHL) relates to its ability to polyubiquitinate, and hence target for destruction, the {alpha} subunits of the heterodimeric transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). pVHL mutants linked to familial pheochromocyctoma (type 2C VHL disease), in contrast to classical VHL disease, appear to be normal with respect to HIF regulation. Using a simple method for identifying proteins that are differentially secreted by isogenic cell line pairs, we confirmed that the HIF targets IGBP3 and PAI-1 are overproduced by pVHL-defective renal carcinoma cells. In addition, cells lacking wild-type pVHL, including cells producing type 2C pVHL mutants, were defective with respect to expression and secretion of clusterin, which does not behave like a HIF target. Decreased clusterin secretion by pVHL-defective tumors was confirmed in vivo by immunohistochemistry. Therefore, clusterin is a secreted marker for a HIF-independent pVHL function that might be especially important in pheochromocytoma development.





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