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(American Journal of Pathology. 2006;168:1004-1021.)
© 2006 American Society for Investigative Pathology

Identification of Differential Protein Expression Associated with Development of Unstable Human Carotid Plaques

Mark Slevin*, Abdul Baset Elasbali*, Marta Miguel Turu{ddagger}, Jerzy Krupinski{dagger}{ddagger}§, Lina Badimon§ and John Gaffney*

From the Department of Biological Sciences,* Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom; the Department of Neurology,{dagger} Stroke Unit, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain; Instituto de Investigacion Biomédica de Bellvitge,{ddagger} Barcelona, Spain; and Cardiovascular Research Centre,§ Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Rupture-prone unstable arterial plaques develop concomitantly with the appearance of intraplaque hemorrhage and tissue ulceration, in association with deregulation of smooth muscle cell mitogenesis and leakage of newly formed blood vessels. Using microarray technology, we have identified novel protein deregulation associated with unstable carotid plaque regions. Overexpression of proapoptotic proteins caspase-9 and TRAF4 was seen in endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells from unstable hemorrhagic and ulcerated plaque regions. Topoisomerase-II-{alpha} (TOPO-II-{alpha}), which is associated with DNA repair mechanisms, was also overexpressed by these cells. Cell signaling molecules c-src, G-protein-coupled receptor kinase-interacting protein (GIT1), and c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) were up-regulated in endothelial cells from the same areas, whereas an increase in expression of junctional adhesion molecule-1 (JAM-1) in blood vessels and infiltrating macrophages from inflammatory regions might form part of a leukocyte rolling response, increasing the plaque volume. Grb2-like adaptor protein (Gads), responsible for differentiation of monocytes into macrophages, was expressed by macrophages from unstable plaques, suggesting a potential mechanism through which increased scavenging could occur in rupture-prone areas. We conclude that modulation of novel cell signaling intermediates, such as those described here, could be useful in the therapy of angiogenesis and apoptosis, designed to reduce unstable plaque formation.




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J. Krupinski, M. M. Turu, J. Martinez-Gonzalez, A. Carvajal, J. O. Juan-Babot, E. Iborra, M. Slevin, F. Rubio, and L. Badimon
Endogenous Expression of C-Reactive Protein Is Increased in Active (Ulcerated Noncomplicated) Human Carotid Artery Plaques
Stroke, May 1, 2006; 37(5): 1200 - 1204.
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Copyright © 2006 by the American Society for Investigative Pathology.