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(American Journal of Pathology. 2006;169:1886-1898.)
© 2006 American Society for Investigative Pathology
DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2006.060603

Differential Functions of Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 1 and 2 Signaling in Ischemia-Mediated Arteriogenesis and Angiogenesis

Dianhong Luo^*, Yan Luo, Yun He^*, Haifeng Zhang^*, Rong Zhang^*, Xianghong Li^*, Wawrzyniec L. Dobrucki, Al J. Sinusas, William C. Sessa^* and Wang Min^*

From the Department of Pathology,^* Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Transplantation, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, and the Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) and Diagnostic Radiology and Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China

We have previously shown that tumor necrosis factor (TNF) acts via its two receptors TNFR1 and TNFR2 to elicit distinct signaling pathways in vascular endothelial cells (ECs). Here we used a femoral artery ligation model to demonstrate that TNFR1-knockout (KO) mice had enhanced, whereas TNFR2-KO had reduced, capacity in clinical recovery, limb perfusion, and ischemic reserve capacity compared with the wild-type mice. Consistently, ischemia-initiated collateral growth (arteriogenesis) in the upper limb and capillary formation and vessel maturation (angiogenesis) in the lower limb were enhanced in TNFR1-KO but were reduced in TNFR2-KO mice. Furthermore, our results suggest that vascular proliferation, but not infiltration of macrophages and lymphocytes, accounted for the phenotypic differences between the TNFR1-KO and TNFR2-KO mice. In wild-type animals TNFR2 protein in vascular endothelium was highly up-regulated in response to ischemia, leading to increased TNFR2-specific signaling as determined by the formation TNFR2-TRAF2 complex and activation of TNFR2-specific kinase Bmx/Etk. In isolated murine ECs, activation of TNFR2 induced nuclear factor-B-dependent reporter gene expression, EC survival, and migration. In contrast, activation of TNFR1 caused inhibition of EC migration and EC apoptosis. These data demonstrate that TNFR1 and TNFR2 play differential roles in ischemia-mediated arteriogenesis and angiogenesis, partly because of their opposite effects on EC survival and migration.

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