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(American Journal of Pathology. 2006;169:2127-2136.)
© 2006 American Society for Investigative Pathology
DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2006.060453

Exovesicles from Human Activated Dendritic Cells Fuse with Resting Dendritic Cells, Allowing Them to Present Alloantigens

Carolina Obregon*, Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser{dagger}, Stephen Kiama Gitahi{ddagger}, Peter Gehr{dagger} and Laurent P. Nicod*

From the Department of Clinical Research,* Division of Pneumology, and the Institute of Anatomy,{dagger} University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; and the Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology,{ddagger} University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya

Dendritic cells (DCs) can release microvesicles, but the latter’s numbers, size, and fate are unclear. Fluorescently labeled DCs were visualized by laser-scanning microscopy. Using a Surpass algorithm, we were able to identify and quantify per cell several hundred microvesicles released from the surface of stimulated DCs. We show that most of these microvesicles are not of endocytic origin but result from budding of the plasma membrane, hence their name, exovesicle. Using a double vital staining, we show that exovesicles isolated from activated DCs can fuse with the membrane of resting DCs, thereby allowing them to present alloantigens to lymphocytes. We concluded that, within a few hours from their release, exovesicles may amplify local or distant adaptive immunological response.




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