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(American Journal of Pathology. 2007;170:1781-1792.)
© 2007 American Society for Investigative Pathology
DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2007.060886

The Host Inflammatory Response Promotes Liver Metastasis by Increasing Tumor Cell Arrest and Extravasation

Patrick Auguste^*, Lucia Fallavollita^*, Ni Wang^*, Julia Burnier, Andreas Bikfalvi and Pnina Brodt^*¶

From the Departments of Surgery,^* Medicine, and Oncology,^¶ McGill University Health Center and the Royal Victoria Hospital, Quebec, Quebec, Canada; INSERM U889, Université Victor Segalen-Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France; and INSERM EMI0113, Université Bordeaux 1, Talence, France

Inflammation can play a regulatory role in cancer progression and metastasis. Previously, we have shown that metastatic tumor cells entering the liver trigger a proinflammatory response involving Kupffer cell-mediated release of tumor necrosis factor- and the up-regulation of vascular endothelial cell adhesion receptors, such as E-selectin. Here, we analyzed spatio-temporal aspects of the ensuing tumor-endothelial cell interaction using human colorectal carcinoma CX-1 and murine carcinoma H-59 cells and a combination of immunohistochemistry, confocal microscopy, and three-dimensional reconstruction. E-selectin expression was evident mainly on sinusoidal vessels by 6 and 10 hours, respectively, following H-59 and CX-1 inoculation, and this corresponded to a stabilization of the number of tumor cells within the sinuses. Tumor cells arrested in E-selectin⁺ vessels and appeared to flatten and traverse the vessel lining, away from sites of intense E-selectin staining. This process was evident by 8 (H-59) and 12 (CX-1) hours after inoculation, coincided with increased endothelial vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression, and involved tumor cell attachment in areas of intense vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 expression. Nonmetastatic (human) MIP-101 and (murine) M-27 cells induced a weaker response and could not be seen to extravasate. The results show that metastatic tumor cells can alter the hepatic microvasculature and use newly expressed endothelial cell receptors to arrest and extravasate.

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