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Originally published online as doi:10.2353/ajpath.2009.081001 on June 4, 2009

Published online before print June 4, 2009
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(American Journal of Pathology. 2009;175:248-261.)
© 2009 American Society for Investigative Pathology
DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.081001

Decreased Catalase Expression and Increased Susceptibility to Oxidative Stress in Primary Cultured Corneal Fibroblasts from Patients with Granular Corneal Dystrophy Type II

Seung-il Choi*, Tae-im Kim*{dagger}, Kyu Seo Kim{ddagger}, Bong-Yoon Kim*{dagger}, So-yeon Ahn*, Hyun-ju Cho*, Hyung Keun Lee*{dagger}, Hyun-Soo Cho§ and Eung Kweon Kim*{dagger}

From the Corneal Dystrophy Research Institute, and Department of Ophthalmology,* Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; the BK21 Project Team of Nanobiomaterials for Cell-based Implants,{dagger} Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea; the Department of Chemistry,{ddagger} Duke University, Durham, North Carolina; and the Department of Biology,§ College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea

Granular corneal dystrophy type II (GCD II) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by age-dependent progressive accumulation of transforming growth factor-β-induced protein (TGFBIp) deposits in the corneal stroma. Several studies have suggested that corneal fibroblasts may decline with age in response to oxidative stress. To investigate whether oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of GCD II, we assayed antioxidant enzymes, oxidative damage, and susceptibility to reactive oxygen species-induced cell death in primary cultured corneal fibroblasts (PCFs) from GCD II patients and healthy subjects. We found elevated protein levels of Mn-superoxide dismutase, Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase, as well as increased CAT mRNA and decreased catalase protein in GCD II PCFs. Furthermore, catalase is down-regulated in normal PCFs transfected with transforming growth factor-β-induced gene-h3. We also observed an increase in not only intracellular reactive oxygen species and H2O2 levels, but also malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxynonenal, and protein carbonyls levels in GCD II PCFs. Greater immunoreactivity for malondialdehyde was observed in the corneal tissue of GCD II patients. In addition, we observed a decrease in Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL levels and an increase in Bax and Bok levels in GCD II PCFs. Finally, GCD II PCFs are more susceptible to H2O2-induced cell death. Together, these results suggest that oxidative damage induced by decreased catalase is involved in GCD II pathogenesis, and antioxidant agents represent a possible treatment strategy.






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