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Originally published online as doi:10.2353/ajpath.2009.081155 on August 21, 2009

Published online before print August 21, 2009
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(American Journal of Pathology. 2009;175:927-939.)
© 2009 American Society for Investigative Pathology
DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.081155

Review

Mitochondrial (Dys)function in Adipocyte (De)differentiation and Systemic Metabolic Alterations

Aurélia De Pauw*, Silvia Tejerina*, Martine Raes*, Jaap Keijer{dagger} and Thierry Arnould*

From the Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology,* University of Namur (Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix), Namur, Belgium; and the Human and Animal Physiology Unit,{dagger} Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands

In mammals, adipose tissue, composed of BAT and WAT, collaborates in energy partitioning and performs metabolic regulatory functions. It is the most flexible tissue in the body, because it is remodeled in size and shape by modifications in adipocyte cell size and/or number, depending on developmental status and energy fluxes. Although numerous reviews have focused on the differentiation program of both brown and white adipocytes as well as on the pathophysiological role of white adipose tissues, the importance of mitochondrial activity in the differentiation or the dedifferentiation programs of adipose cells and in systemic metabolic alterations has not been extensively reviewed previously. Here, we address the crucial role of mitochondrial functions during adipogenesis and in mature adipocytes and discuss the cellular responses of white adipocytes to mitochondrial activity impairment. In addition, we discuss the increase in scientific knowledge regarding mitochondrial functions in the last 10 years and the recent suspicion of mitochondrial dysfunction in several 21st century epidemics (ie, obesity and diabetes), as well as in lipodystrophy found in HIV-treated patients, which can contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies targeting adipocyte mitochondria.






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Copyright © 2009 by the American Society for Investigative Pathology.