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Published online before print December 18, 2008
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Copyright © 2009 American Society for Investigative Pathology
American Journal of Pathology, doi:10.2353/ajpath.2009.080627

Accepted for publication September 18, 2008.

Article

A Physical Mechanism for Coupling Bone Resorption and Formation in Adult Human Bone

Thomas Levin Andersen*@, Teis Esben Sondergaard*, Katarzyna Ewa Skorzynska*, Frederik Dagnaes-Hansen{dagger}, Trine Lindhardt Plesner{ddagger}, Ellen Margrethe Hauge{sect}, Torben Plesner, and Jean-Marie Delaisse*

From the Department of Clinical Cell Biology,* and Hematology, Vejle Hospital, Institute of Regional Health Services Research (IRS-CSFU), University of Southern Denmark, Vejle; the Department of Microbiology,{dagger} University of Aarhus, Aarhus; the Pathology Institute{ddagger} and the Department of Rheumatology,{sect} Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; and the Department of Hematology, Vejle Hospital, IRS-CSFU, University of Southern Denmark

@ To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: thomas.levin.andersen{at}slb.regionsyddanmark.dk.


  Abstract

During skeletal remodeling, pre-osteoclasts and pre-osteoblasts are targeted to critical sites of the bone to resorb and reconstruct bone matrix, respectively. Coordination of site-specific recruitment of these two cell types is a prerequisite to maintain the specific architecture of each bone within strict limits throughout adult life. Here, we determined that the bone marrow microanatomy adjacent to remodeling areas is a central player in this process. By using histomorphometry and multiple immunostainings, we demonstrated in biopsies exhibiting coupled bone resorption and formation that osteoclasts and osteoblasts on the bone surface were always covered by a canopy of flat cells expressing osteoblast markers. In contrast, in biopsies in which this canopy was disrupted, bone formation was deficient. Three-dimensional visualizations revealed that this canopy covered the entire remodeling site and was associated with capillaries, thereby forming a previously unrecognized microanatomical entity. Furthermore, pre-osteoclasts were positioned along these capillaries. These findings led to a model that implicates vasculature in the site-specific recruitment of osteoclasts and osteoblasts and embraces the current knowledge on the molecular mechanism of bone remodeling.




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Copyright © 2008 by the American Society for Investigative Pathology.